{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:19:24Z","timestamp":1777897164346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Massachusetts, the number of opioid-related deaths has increased 350% since 2000. In the setting of increasing overdose deaths, one potential intervention is supervised injection facilities (SIFs). This study explores willingness of people who inject drugs in Boston to use a SIF and examines factors associated with willingness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 237 people who inject drugs and utilize Boston's needle exchange program (NEP). The drop-in NEP provides myriad harm reduction services and referrals to addiction treatment. The survey was mostly self-administered (92%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed positive willingness to use a SIF was independently associated with use of heroin as main substance (odds ratio [OR]: 5.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9\u201315.4; P = .0004), public injection (OR: 5.09; 95% CI: 1.8\u201314.3; P = .002), history of seeking substance use disorder (SUD) treatment (OR: 4.99; 95% CI: 1.2\u201321.1; P = .05), having heard of SIF (OR: 4.80; 95% CI: 1.6\u201314.8; P = .004), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 0.9\u201318.8; P = .04), frequent NEP use (OR: 4.18; 95% CI: 1.2\u201314.7; P = .02), current desire for SUD treatment (OR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.2\u201314.7; P = .03), hepatitis C diagnosis (OR: 3.68; 95% CI: 1.2\u201310.1; P = .02), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.3\u20138.4; P = .01), report of at least 1 chronic medical diagnosis (hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hypertension, or diabetes) (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.2\u20138.9; P = .02), and comorbid medical and mental health diagnoses (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.2\u20137.4; P = .02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most respondents (91.4%) reported willingness to use a SIF. Respondents with substance use behavior reflecting high risk for overdose were significantly more likely to be willing to use a SIF. Respondents with behaviors that contribute to public health burden of injection drug use were also significantly more likely to be willing to use a SIF. Results indicate that this intervention would be well utilized by individuals who could most benefit from the model. As part of a broader public health approach, SIFs should be considered to reduce opioid overdose mortality, decrease public health burden of the opioid crisis, and promote access to addiction treatment and medical care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2017.1365804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T23:30:56Z","timestamp":1502494256000},"page":"95-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Willingness of People who Inject Drugs in Boston to use a Supervised Injection Facility"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Casey","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mackin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Public Health Commission, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessie M.","family":"Gaeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2017.1365804","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6450a3"},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2017.1365804","unstructured":"Health MDoP.\n                      Data Brief: Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths Among Massachusetts Residents\n                      . 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