{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:05:38Z","timestamp":1793505938404,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Substance use disorders (SUDs) are pervasive in the United States, with 20.1 million cases in 2016, of which only 19% receive treatment. SUDs permeate all medical specialties and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every chief complaint. Acknowledging the salience of SUDs provides a unique opportunity for early identification and intervention. Thus, SUDs should be reflected prominently in the history of the present illness rather than in the social history. To this effect, we propose the inclusion of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Use<\/jats:italic>\n                    (U) in the history of present illness and incorporating \u201cU\u201d into the pedagogical mnemonic of OPQRST that is commonly used in medical training. Obtaining this history will help determine if and which abused substances may be contributing to the chief complaint. We also suggest the incorporation of an additional acronym, SORTED, to account for the various domains of Use, including Street (illicit drugs), OTCs (over-the-counter medications), Rx (prescriptions, including nonmedicinal use of pharmaceutical drugs), Tobacco (including e-cigarettes), EtOH (alcohol), and Dietary (caffeine, vitamins, and herbal supplements) agents. We discuss how utilizing OPQRSTU will help reshape the way medical students think about SUDs and will facilitate detection and diagnosis of all domains of SUDs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1469104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T10:58:26Z","timestamp":1524653906000},"page":"505-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Opqrst(U): Integrating Substance Use Disorders Or \u201cUse\u201d into the Medical History"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1941-146X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Eloge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Celeste","family":"Napier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction , Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bezalel","family":"Dantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","article-title":"Recommendations for clinical skills curricula for undergraduate medical education","author":"Association of American Medical Colleges","year":"2008","unstructured":"Association of American Medical Colleges. Recommendations for clinical skills curricula for undergraduate medical education. 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