{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:19:46Z","timestamp":1777897186577,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"US National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R25-DA037756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25-DA037756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"US National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R25DA033211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25DA033211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    A substantial proportion of individuals involved with the North American criminal justice system are convicted for drug-related activities. Drug treatment court (DTC) programs were developed as an alternative to incarceration for drug-related offences and aim to prioritize addiction treatment and improve health and social outcomes; however, only a fraction of DTC participants have access to first-line medications for opioid use disorder (OUD). Further, despite emerging evidence for the efficacy of injectable opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in treating individuals with severe OUD where past treatment attempts with first-line therapies have been unsuccessful, this treatment has never, to our knowledge, been implemented in correctional settings.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Case:<\/jats:italic>\n                    An individual in their 50s with a history of severe OUD, multiple interactions with the criminal justice system, and prior unsuccessful treatment attempts with methadone was initiated on injectable treatment with diacetylmorphine. The patient received 300\u2009mg of diacetylmorphine witnessed 3 times daily at a supervised injection clinic. During a 1.5-year stabilization phase, the patient's illicit opioid use significantly reduced. They subsequently enrolled in a DTC program for drug-related charges preceding initiation on injectable OAT and remained on this therapy during 16 months in DTC. Following graduation from DTC, the patient continued to receive treatment and returned to gainful employment in the community, with no further charges or episodes of incarceration.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Discussion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    This case describes the successful completion of a DTC program by an individual prescribed injectable OAT for severe OUD. The patient's treatment plan played an integral role in DTC graduation and long-term adherence, leading to improved health and social outcomes, including cessation of illicit drug use, enhanced quality of life, and improved social functioning. The case highlights the potential benefits of a stepped and integrated approach to addiction treatment in DTC programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1485129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T12:32:59Z","timestamp":1530102779000},"page":"493-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrating Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment into A Drug Treatment Court Program: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jessica H.","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Fairbairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prisoners in 2011","author":"Carson EA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carson EA, , Sabol WJ. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prisoners in 2011. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"U.S. Department of Justice. Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004","author":"Mumola C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mumola C, , Karberg J. U.S. Department of Justice. Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02990.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","volume-title":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","author":"World Drug Report 2017","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Drug Report 2017. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Vienna, Austria: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"A Guideline for the Clinical Management of Opioid Use Disorder","year":"2017","unstructured":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and British Columbia Ministry of Health. A Guideline for the Clinical Management of Opioid Use Disorder. Vancouver, BC: British Columbia Centre on Substance Use; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","volume-title":"The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Use of Medications in the Treatment of Addiction Involving Opioid Use","author":"American Society of Addiction Medicine","year":"2015","unstructured":"American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Use of Medications in the Treatment of Addiction Involving Opioid Use. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"National Commission on Correctional Health Care & United States of America. Guideline for disease management in correctional settings: Opioid detoxification. Updated October 2014. Accessed July 14 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","volume-title":"Adult Drug Court Best Practice Standards (Vol. 1)","author":"National Association of Drug Court Professionals","year":"2013","unstructured":"National Association of Drug Court Professionals. Adult Drug Court Best Practice Standards (Vol. 1). Alexandria, Virginia: National Association of Drug Court Professionals; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.149195"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","volume-title":"EMCDDA Insights: New Heroin-Assisted Treatment \u2013 Recent Evidence and Current Practices of Supervised Injectable Heroin Treatment in Europe and beyond","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2012","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. EMCDDA Insights: New Heroin-Assisted Treatment \u2013 Recent Evidence and Current Practices of Supervised Injectable Heroin Treatment in Europe and beyond. Lisbon, Portugal: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","unstructured":"Government of Canada. Health Canada to propose regulatory change to enable consideration of applications under the Special Access Programme to facilitate treatment of chronic relapsing opioid dependence. 2016. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/news\/2016\/05\/health-canada-to-pro\/pose-regulatory-change-to-enable-consideration-of-applications-under-the-special-access-programme-to-facilitate-treatment-of-chronic-relapsing-opioid-dependence.html. Updated May 2016. Accessed April 6 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854813501495"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","volume-title":"Defining Drug Courts: The Key Components","author":"Bureau of Justice Assistance and the National Association of Drug Court Professionals","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bureau of Justice Assistance and the National Association of Drug Court Professionals. Defining Drug Courts: The Key Components. 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