{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:17:19Z","timestamp":1780489039428,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    African American patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) have demonstrated poorer methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) outcomes compared with white patients. This issue is further complicated in urban settings, where African Americans experience high rates of poverty and publicly funded treatment. Despite interrelated factors that disadvantage African Americans, the literature focusing on this population is scant. To address this shortcoming, we conducted the first investigation of gender differences and gender-specific MMT outcome predictors among African Americans (or any racial minority population). This study provides gender-specific findings to improve African American MMT outcomes.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    We studied 211 African American patients (male:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009137, 64.9%) at an urban, university-affiliated MMT clinic. We used existing intake data to assess baseline demographic, substance use, mental health, and interpersonal factors. Primary outcomes were 3-month drug\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (positive) urine drug screen (UDS) results and treatment retention.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Women were more likely (than men) to endorse histories of interpersonal violence, substance abuse in their social network, and mental health problems. Men reported a greater likelihood (than women) for early opioid-use onset and a lack of prior MMT. There were no gender differences in 3-month drug\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    UDS or treatment retention. In multivariable analyses among women, no baseline factors predicted 3-month opioid\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    UDS and physical abuse history predicted a higher proportion of 3-month cocaine\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    UDS. Among men, primary injection opioid use and older age best predicted a higher proportion of 3-month cocaine\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    UDS and parent substance abuse predicted shorter retention. In both gender-stratified analyses, higher proportions of 3-month opioid\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    UDS and cocaine\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    UDS predicted shorter retention.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study offers an analysis of gender differences in risk factors, MMT outcomes, and gender-specific predictors among African American patients. MMT clinics should tailor assessment and treatment protocols to address gender-specific needs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1547810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T15:05:51Z","timestamp":1553007951000},"page":"185-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Gender-Specific Predictors of Methadone Treatment Outcomes among African Americans at An Urban Clinic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jamey J.","family":"Lister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA;"},{"name":"Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark K.","family":"Greenwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA;"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Ledgerwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0113"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: summary of national findings. Rockville MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2013. NSDUH Series H-46 HHS Publication No. (SMA) p 13\u20134795. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUHresults2012\/NSDUHresults2012.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2003-2013. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. Rockville MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); 2015. BHSIS Series S-76 HHS Publication No. (SMA) p 15-4934. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/2013_Treatment_Episode_Data_Set_National\/2013_Treatment_Episode_Data_Set_National.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm655051e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Drug Abuse in Detroit, Wayne County, and Michigan: 2011. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group","author":"Arfken CL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arfken CL. Drug Abuse in Detroit, Wayne County, and Michigan: 2011. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 2012:122\u2013129."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Patterns and Trends of Drug Abuse in Baltimore\/Maryland\/Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area: Epidemiology and Trends 2002-2011. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group","author":"Artigiani E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Artigiani E, , Wish ED. Patterns and Trends of Drug Abuse in Baltimore\/Maryland\/Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area: Epidemiology and Trends 2002-2011. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 2012:17\u201340."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"250","volume-title":"Patterns and Trends in Drug Abuse in St. Louis, Missouri: 2011. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group","author":"Israel H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Israel H. Patterns and Trends in Drug Abuse in St. Louis, Missouri: 2011. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 2012:250\u2013261."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 1-year estimates: United States. U.S. Census Bureau; 2016. Retrieved from Census Reporter Profile page for Detroit MI: https:\/\/censusreporter.org\/profiles\/16000US2622000-detroit-mi"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 1-year estimates: Detroit. U.S. Census Bureau; 2016. Retrieved from Census Reporter Profile page for United States: https:\/\/censusreporter.org\/profiles\/01000US-united-states"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","volume-title":"Health Care Access and Utilization among Adults Aged 18\u201364, by Poverty Level: United States, 2013\u20132015","author":"Martinez ME","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martinez ME, , Ward BW. Health Care Access and Utilization among Adults Aged 18\u201364, by Poverty Level: United States, 2013\u20132015. Hyatsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2016. NCHS data brief, no 262."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"Rastogi S Johnson TD Hoeffel EM . The Black population 2010: 2010 Census Briefs. United States Census Bureau; 2011. p 1\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","unstructured":"Lucas JW Benson V. Tables of Summary Health Statistics for the U.S. Population: 2015 National Health Interview Survey. National Center for Health Statistics 2017; Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhis\/SHS\/tables.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(05)80007-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.93811776.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.931516.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000090"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1996.918119711.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826081003791932"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2008.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988313480227"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014564"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550880802324382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-45"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-015-0038-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089909039401"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000. 4th ed.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ADM.0000435321.39251.d7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2008.00870.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(99)80131-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","volume-title":"Multiple Regression: A Primer.","author":"Allison PD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Allison PD. Multiple Regression: A Primer. Newbury Park, CA: Pine Forge Press; 1999. 1st ed.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00187-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02287267"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080601094082"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00219-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732314551055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515764"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.7.1007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1500523"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515586369"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","volume-title":"Seeking Safety: A Treatment Manual for PTSD and Substance Abuse","author":"Najavits L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Najavits L. Seeking Safety: A Treatment Manual for PTSD and Substance Abuse. New York: Guilford Press; 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","unstructured":"Tavakoli E Moses TE Deal E . Predictors of retention and drug use among treatment-resistant patients transferred to a specialty \u201csecond chance\u201d methadone maintenance program. Manuscript under review. 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1524-9220.9.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.354"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016835"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","volume-title":"NIH-Wide Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2016\u20132020: turning Discovery into Health.","author":"National Institutes of Health.","year":"2015","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. NIH-Wide Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2016\u20132020: turning Discovery into Health. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Service; 2015. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/about-nih\/strategic-plan-fy2016-2020-508.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.7.850"}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2018.1547810","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08897077.2018.1547810","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2018.1547810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:42:15Z","timestamp":1780486935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/08897077.2018.1547810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08897077.2018.1547810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08897077.2018.1547810","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-7077","1547-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-7077","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}}}