{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:17:15Z","timestamp":1780489035359,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R25DA037756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25DA037756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Commission grant","award":["701698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["701698"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Hospital-based clinical addiction medicine training can improve knowledge of clinical care for substance-using populations. However, application of structured, self-assessment tools to evaluate differences in knowledge gained by learners who participate in such training has not yet been addressed.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Participants (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009142) of an elective with the hospital-based Addiction Medicine Consult Team (AMCT) in Vancouver, Canada, responded to an online self-evaluation survey before and immediately after the structured elective. Areas covered included substance use screening, history taking, signs and symptoms examination, withdrawal treatment, relapse prevention, nicotine use disorders, opioid use disorders, safe prescribing, and the biology of substance use disorders. A purposefully selected sample of 18 trainees were invited to participate in qualitative interviews that elicited feedback on the rotation.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Of 168 invited trainees, 142 (84.5%) completed both pre- and post-rotation self-assessments between May 2015 and May 2017. Follow-up participants included medical students, residents, addiction medicine fellows, and family physicians in practice. Self-assessed knowledge of addiction medicine increased significantly post-rotation (mean difference in scores\u2009=\u200911.87 out of the maximum possible 63 points, standard deviation\u2009=\u200917.00;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt; .0001). Medical students were found to have the most significant improvement in addiction knowledge (estimated mean difference\u2009=\u20094.43, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.76, 8.09;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.018). Illustrative quotes describe the dynamics involved in the learning process among trainees.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Completion of a hospital-based clinical elective was associated with improved knowledge of addiction medicine. Medical students appear to benefit more from the addiction elective with a hospital-based AMCT than other types of learners.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1561596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T19:34:29Z","timestamp":1548704069000},"page":"207-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["In-Hospital Training in Addiction Medicine: A Mixed-Methods Study of Health Care Provider Benefits and Differences"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Gorfinkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Klimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breanne","family":"Reel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Ahamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Fairgrieve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Mead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonaid","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, 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Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Fairbairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use and Excellence in HIV\/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.13805"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"v","volume-title":"United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention., United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 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