{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:49:43Z","timestamp":1793663383238,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacists are on the frontline caring for patients at risk of an opioid overdose and for patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD). Dispensing naloxone and medications for OUD and counseling patients about these medications are ways pharmacists can provide care. Key to pharmacists\u2019 involvement is their willingness to take on these practice responsibilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The purpose of this scoping review is to identify, evaluate, and summarize published literature describing pharmacists\u2019 attitudes toward naloxone and medications for OUD, i.e., methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. All searches were performed on December 7, 2018, in 5 databases:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/Embase.com\">Embase.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/PubMed.gov\">PubMed.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCOhost, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Wiley, and Clarivate Web of Science. Articles included original research conducted in the United States, described attitude-related language toward naloxone and medications for OUD, and pharmacists.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1323 articles were retrieved, 7 were included. Five studies reported on pharmacists\u2019 attitudes toward naloxone dispensing, 1 study reported on attitudes toward naloxone, buprenorphine, and buprenorphine\/naloxone, and 1 reported on attitudes toward buprenorphine\/naloxone. Respondents were diverse, including pharmacists from different practice specialties. Studies found that pharmacists agreed with a naloxone standing order, believed that naloxone should be dispensed to individuals at risk of an opioid overdose, and were supportive of dispensing buprenorphine. A minority of pharmacists expressed negative attitudes. Barriers cited to implementation included education and training, workflow, and management support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacists were positive in their attitudes toward increased practice responsibilities for patients at risk of an opioid overdose or with an OUD. Pharmacists must receive education and training to be current in their understanding of OUD medications, and they must be supported in order to provide effective care to this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1616349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T11:03:42Z","timestamp":1565953422000},"page":"476-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Pharmacists\u2019 Attitudes toward Dispensing Naloxone and Medications for Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6904-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Muzyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary P. W.","family":"Smothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Medicine Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Pharmacy Program, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"MacEachern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Tzy","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;"},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States:Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Veterans and Military Families | SAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUH-FFR1-2016\/NSDUH-FFR1-2016.htm#sud. Accessed December 4 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Opioid overdose. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/. Published October 23 2017. Accessed December 4 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"Drug overdose deaths in the United States 1999 \u2013 2016. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db294.htm. Published December 2017. Accessed December 9 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp150542"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"NCPO Statement on Combating the Opioid Crisis. NCPO Opioid Statement. January 2018. https:\/\/nabp.pharmacy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/NCPO-Opioid-Statement-January-2018.pdf. Published January 31 2018. Accessed December 6 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"Polices Adopted by the 2018 APhA House of Delegates. American Pharmacists Association. www.pharmacist.com\/policy-manual. Reviewed 2014. Accessed December 6 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S144268"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","unstructured":"Doong KS Gaccione DM Brown TA. Community Pharmacist Involvement in Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs. AJPBLive. https:\/\/www.ajpb.com\/journals\/ajpb\/2016\/AJPB_NovDec2016\/community-pharmacist-involvement-in-prescription-drug-monitoring-programs. Published November 13 2016. Accessed December 9 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2017.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2018.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163517702356"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","unstructured":"American Pharmacists Association Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy American Society of Consultant Pharmacists . Federal efforts to combat the opioid crisis: A status update on CARA and other initiatives. Statement for the record to the house energy and commerce committee hearing. https:\/\/www.pharmacist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/audience\/Joint Statement for the Record on MAT to Energy and Commerce Hearing_10_25_2017.pdf. Published October 25 2017. Published October 25 2018. Accessed December 6 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","unstructured":"Barrett J. The Opioid Crisis: What Can Pharmacists Do? Pharmacy Times. https:\/\/www.pharmacytimes.com\/conferences\/aacp-2017\/the-opioid-crisis-what-can-pharmacists-do. Published July 19 2017. Accessed December 9 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","unstructured":"VIVITROL\u00ae (naltrexone for extended-release injectable suspension). ALK-VIV. https:\/\/www.vivitrol.com\/content\/pdfs\/prescribing-information.pdf Revised December 2015. Accessed December 9 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","unstructured":"SUBOXONE\u00ae. https:\/\/www.suboxone.com\/content\/pdfs\/prescribing-information.pdf Revised February 2018. Accessed December 9 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2006.10399848"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2012.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","unstructured":"Andrew M. A systematic review of pharmacists\u2019 attitudes toward buprenorphine and naloxone dispensing. PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018102163 Available from: http:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018102163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"IBM Watson Health Products. Truven Health Analytics Products. http:\/\/www.micromedexsolutions.com\/home\/dispatch Accessed December 9 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01421590903414245"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","article-title":"Acceptability of naloxone dispensing among pharmacists","author":"Do V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Do V, , Behar E, , Turner C, , Geier M, , Coffin P. Acceptability of naloxone dispensing among pharmacists. J Pharm Pract. 2018. doi:10.1177\/0897190018798465","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/1544345052843200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2018.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2018.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","article-title":"Dispensing naloxone without a prescription: survey evaluation of Ohio pharmacists","author":"Thompson EL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson EL, , Rao PSS, , Hayes C, , Purtill C. Dispensing naloxone without a prescription: survey evaluation of Ohio pharmacists. J Pharm Pract. 2018. doi:10.1177\/0897190018759225","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.12.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","unstructured":"Preventing the consequences of opioid overdose: Understanding naloxone access laws. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA). https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/capt\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/naloxone-access-laws-tool.pdf Published January 20 2018. Accessed December 11 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318166af74"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1610830"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","unstructured":"Treatment Improvement Protocol TIP 63. 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