{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:41:48Z","timestamp":1787006508774,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although people who inject performance- and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs) report fewer unsafe injecting practices, stigma and discrimination may negatively impact their access to help and information. Engagement with health care services, compared with social networks (friends, relatives, and gym associates) and the Internet and media (steroid user forums, information sites, and magazines), may be important for harm minimization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional Internet or in-person survey of men who use PIEDs in Australia in 2014\u20132015 examined differences in sources for PIEDs, injecting equipment, and anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) information and factors associated with having periodical medical checks related to PIEDs issues using multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 267 men (mean age: 25\u2009years, SD: 8.7\u2009years; 246 of 267 [92%] reported recent AAS injection) were recruited. Most participants sourced injecting equipment from health professionals, PIEDs from their social networks, and AAS information from the Internet and media. Self-reported AAS knowledge was high and frequent. Higher income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 4.00), \u22652 different PIEDs used in addition to AAS (AOR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.49), and sourcing AAS information from health care professionals (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.81, 5.46) were independently associated with periodical medical checks. Participants nominated preference for improved health services through needle-syringe programs, primary care services, and peer educator support groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men who use PIEDs in Australia consider themselves well informed but tend to use Internet and media sources, providing potentially misleading or inaccurate information. Increasing trust between men who use PIEDs and health care providers may enable delivery of PIEDs-specific information to those at greatest need.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T10:54:06Z","timestamp":1569236046000},"page":"139-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Health Care Engagement Behaviors of Men who Use Performance- and Image-Enhancing Drugs in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Jacka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Larance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepean\/Blue Mountains Sexual Health &amp; HIV Clinics, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1058"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","article-title":"History and epidemiology of anabolic androgens in athletes and non-athletes","author":"Kanayama G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanayama G, , Pope HG. 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