{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T04:44:21Z","timestamp":1793681061575,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Substance use disorder (SUD) treatment centers serve a population of clients who have diverse needs, and may desire or require access to varied treatments while seeking care for their SUDs. While pharmacotherapies have increased in popularity for the treatment of SUDs, adoption rates do remain quite low. But a wider array of pharmacotherapies has become available in recent years which may shift the trend. This article helps shed light on how variations in SUD treatment centers develop and persist with regard to the adoption and delivery of off-label medications.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    We use a nationally representative and longitudinal sample of SUD treatment centers in the US (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009196). We use a logistic regression to analyze the relationship between organizational characteristics and offering any medications, off-label. We also use a negative binomial regression to analyze the relationship between organizational characteristics and the number of medications that were used off-label.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our findings reveal that older centers, accredited centers, and centers that offer mental health screenings are all positively associated with the provision of off-label medication in SUD treatment. We also find a positive relationship between private funding and offering a greater number of off-label medications.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our results suggest that SUD clients who seek treatment from centers that offer medications off-label, may have access to a greater number of medication-assisted treatment options.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T15:25:13Z","timestamp":1564500313000},"page":"340-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Use of Off-Label Medications in Substance Abuse Treatment Programs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Paino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1771-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Aletraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.467"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318262a97a"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.5.504"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu062"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000347055"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2012.663326"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.162913"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200721030-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098062"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1951-2_24"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"391","article-title":"Recognizing signs of prescription drug abuse and addiction, part I","volume":"23","author":"Felicilda-Reynaldo R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Felicilda-Reynaldo R. Recognizing signs of prescription drug abuse and addiction, part I. Medsurg Nurs. 2014;23(6):391\u2013396.","journal-title":"Medsurg Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative trial to study the effectiveness of clonidine hydrochloride and buprenorphine-naloxone in opioid withdrawal - a hospital based study","volume":"9","author":"Hussain SS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hussain SS, , Farhat S, , Hassan Rat Y, , Abbas Z. Comparative trial to study the effectiveness of clonidine hydrochloride and buprenorphine-naloxone in opioid withdrawal - a hospital based study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(1):1.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v21n02_05"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2001.10400575"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.252"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1108"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gabapentin enhances the recovery of attention and short- term memory in alcoholics","volume":"1","author":"Furieri FA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Furieri FA, , Oliveira Rwd d, , Nakamura-Palacios EM. Gabapentin enhances the recovery of attention and short- term memory in alcoholics. Mind Brain J Psychiatry. 2010;1(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Mind Brain J Psychiatry."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.11950"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1133472"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10101436"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.8.963"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13974"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp160542"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09377"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2295"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3181d41ddb"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JAN.0000000000000048"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","volume-title":"The Diffusion of Innovations","author":"Rogers EM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rogers EM. The Diffusion of Innovations. 4th ed. New York, NY: Free Press; 2003.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","volume-title":"Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS): 2017. Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","volume-title":"Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS): 2013. Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","volume-title":"ASAM Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders, Revised (ASAM PPC-2R)","author":"Mee-Lee DL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mee-Lee DL, , Shulman GD, , Fishman MJ, , GastfriendDR, , Griffith JH. ASAM Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders, Revised (ASAM PPC-2R) 2nd ed. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine; 2001.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0802107"}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635962","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635962","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:08:21Z","timestamp":1780492101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635962","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-7077","1547-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-7077","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}