{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T22:46:58Z","timestamp":1780699618459,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs through the National Clinician Scholars Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overdose crisis is affecting public libraries. In a 2017 survey of public librarians, half reported providing patrons support regarding substance use and mental health in the previous month, and 12% reported on-site drug overdose at their library in the previous year. Given the magnitude of the overdose crisis and the fact that public libraries host 1.4 billion visits annually, our aim was to understand how libraries currently assist with substance use and overdose and how they can further address these issues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted semi-structured interviews with 44 public library staff from across the U.S. attending a national meeting in March 2018. Interviews addressed attitudes and experiences regarding drug use, overdose, and overdose response in libraries. We analyzed interviews using thematic content analysis guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were from 26 states. Among libraries in this sample, 14% had experienced an on-site drug overdose and 7% stocked naloxone at the time of study. Nearly all participants reported substance use as a prominent concern among patrons and their families, as well as in the library itself. Many participants were willing to provide support to patrons and even administer naloxone, but they often lacked preparation, resources, or institutional support. Participants also expressed interest in providing information or referrals to people who use drugs (PWUD), but such efforts were often stymied by inadequate community resources. Finally, participants expressed interest in strengthening partnerships between public libraries and health and social service organizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public library staff routinely engage PWUD, and based on prior studies, nearly 2,000 of U.S. public libraries can expect an on-site overdose in the next year. Findings from our work highlight the need for further study about how public libraries can act as part of comprehensive, community-based strategies to address the opioid epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1691129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T22:40:07Z","timestamp":1576708807000},"page":"302-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Public Libraries as Partners in Confronting the Overdose Crisis: A Qualitative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Margaret","family":"Lowenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinician Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Feuerstein-Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risha","family":"Sheni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxanne","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza Whiteman","family":"Kinsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xochitl","family":"Luna Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Cannuscio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the Epidemic. 2018. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/index.html. Accessed July 9 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. Americans Recognize the Growing Problem of Opioid Addiction. 2018. http:\/\/www.apnorc.org\/PDFs\/Opioids%202018\/APNORC_Opioids_Report_2018.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Bebinger M. Public bathrooms become ground zero in the opioid epidemic. CNN. May 16 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd15.170392"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0724"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"Newell M. For these Philly librarians drug tourists and overdose drills are part of the job. The Philadelphia Inquirer. June 1 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","unstructured":"Horrigan JB. Libraries at the crossroads. 2015. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2015\/09\/2015-09-15_libraries_FINAL.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","volume-title":"Public Libraries in the United States Fiscal Year 2015","author":"Institute of Museum and Library Services","year":"2018","unstructured":"Institute of Museum and Library Services. Public Libraries in the United States Fiscal Year 2015. Washington, DC: The Institute of Museum and Library Sciences; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","unstructured":"Shubik-Richards C Emily D. The library in the city: changing demands and a challenging future. The Pew Charitable Trusts. 2012. http:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/\u223c\/media\/assets\/2012\/03\/07\/philadelphialibrarycity.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839903258018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2013.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","unstructured":"American Library Association (ALA). History of the code of ethics: 1939 code of ethics for librarians. 1938. http:\/\/www.ala.org\/Template.cfm?Section=History1&Template=\/ContentManagement\/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=8875. Accessed July 9 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","unstructured":"Kranich N. Equality and equity of access: what's the difference? 2005. http:\/\/www.ala.org\/advocacy\/intfreedom\/equalityequity. Accessed July 9 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","volume-title":"Saving Lives in the Stacks: How Libraries are Handling the Opioid Crisis","author":"Ford A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ford A. Saving Lives in the Stacks: How Libraries are Handling the Opioid Crisis. Chicago, IL: American Libraries Magazine; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","unstructured":"Horrigan JB. Libraries 2016. September 2016. http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2016\/09\/09\/2016\/Libraries-2016\/. Accessed July 9 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","volume-title":"Company to Supply Free Narcan to Libraries","author":"Inklebarger T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inklebarger T. Company to Supply Free Narcan to Libraries. American Libraries Magazine Chicago, IL: American Library Association; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f174"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-016-0068-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","unstructured":"American Library Association. Number of Libraries in the United States. 2019. https:\/\/libguides.ala.org\/numberoflibraries. Accessed September 27 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Research in Health Care","author":"Nicholas Pope CM.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nicholas Pope CM. Qualitative Research in Health Care. Hoboken, NJ: BMJ Books; 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","unstructured":"National Center on Health Statistics. NCHS urban-rural classification scheme for counties. 2018. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data_access\/urban_rural.htm. Accessed July 9 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","unstructured":"Cannuscio CD Dupuis R Whiteman ED. In Philadelphia and around the country overdoses at public libraries are a daunting reality. The Philadelphia Inquirer. May 25 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","unstructured":"Web Junction. Opioid Crisis Responses from Public Libraries. 2018. https:\/\/www.webjunction.org\/news\/webjunction\/opioid-resources-for-libraries.html. Accessed July 9 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","unstructured":"Allyn B. Cities planning supervised drug injection sites fear justice department reaction. National Public Radio. July 12 2018. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/07\/12\/628136694\/harm-reduction-movement-hits-obstacles."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62353-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61138-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","volume-title":"Changes in the Supply of Physicians with a DEA DATA Waiver to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder. Data Brief #162","author":"Andrilla Cha CC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrilla Cha CC, , Larson EH. Changes in the Supply of Physicians with a DEA DATA Waiver to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder. Data Brief #162. Seattle, WA: University of Washington; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05162"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. First responders: behavioral health concerns emergency response and trauma. Disaster Technical Assistance Center Supplemental Research Bulletin. 2018. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/dtac\/supplementalresearchbulletin-firstresponders-may2018.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","unstructured":"Abbot CB Burke B Harvey J Newland C Rose M Young A. What's killing our medics? Reviving Responders 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","volume-title":"Children Living with Parents Who Have a Stubstance Use Disorder","author":"Lipari RV.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lipari RV. Children Living with Parents Who Have a Stubstance Use Disorder. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.564"}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1691129","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1691129","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1691129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:28:46Z","timestamp":1780507726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1691129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08897077.2019.1691129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08897077.2019.1691129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-7077","1547-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-7077","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}