{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:06:40Z","timestamp":1792800400315,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Defense Department budget\u00a0allocated to Defense Health Agency, Deputy Assistant Director-Public Health, and ancillary support via the Force Health Protection & Readiness contract"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decreased physical fitness, loss of vision and hearing, and increased risk of chronic diseases are significant primary and secondary implications associated with the health of U.S. Military Service members who use tobacco, including electronic cigarettes. Despite the medical and non-medical costs to the U.S. Department of Defense and potential adverse health effects to Service members, electronic cigarette use is on the rise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>U.S. Military Service members who completed their Periodic Health Assessment, a standardized, electronic, logic-based tool, from July 2018 to July 2019 were eligible. This exploratory study examines the prevalence and significant risk factors associated with self-reported use of electronic cigarettes, as well as determines if tobacco use varies by sex and Service branch, through use of Chi-square analysis and logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>U.S. Military Service members 17\u201370\u2009years old were included in this study ( N\u2009=\u20091.12 M), with 80% of study participants being male and 20% female. Exposure to secondhand smoke (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 2.15\u20132.22) and screening positive for hazardous drinking (OR: 2.70, 95% CI: 2.64\u20132.76) were found to show the greatest increase in odds of using electronic cigarettes, with similar findings after stratification by sex and Service branch. Stratification by Service branch revealed further differences in the association between electronic cigarette use and various demographic, military, lifestyle, and health characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic cigarette use is increasing across the United States. U.S. Service members have unique risk factors and patterns of tobacco use. Despite tobacco use having potential adverse effects on military readiness, its use remains prevalent in this population. Our findings identify opportunities for the U.S. Department of Defense to review tobacco policy and availability and accessibility of cessation services to promote quitting tobacco, especially electronic cigarettes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2022.2095075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T10:33:52Z","timestamp":1658745232000},"page":"1300-1307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of Electronic Cigarettes among U.S. Military Service Members \u2013 Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5677-5559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abegail A.","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy Assistant Director-Public Health, Deployment Health Division, Defense Health Agency, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandi","family":"Alford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy Assistant Director-Public Health, Deployment Health Division, Defense Health Agency, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennylynn","family":"Balmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy Assistant Director-Public Health, Deployment Health Division, Defense Health Agency, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy Assistant Director-Public Health, Deployment Health Division, Defense Health Agency, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic D.","family":"Glogower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy Assistant Director-Public Health, Deployment Health Division, Defense Health Agency, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"COL Keith","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy Assistant Director-Public Health, Deployment Health Division, Defense Health Agency, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2022.2095075","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking \u2013 50 years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General; 2014."},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2022.2095075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09572-x"},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2022.2095075","unstructured":"About Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/about-e-cigarettes.html. Updated September 30, 2021."},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2022.2095075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4"},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2022.2095075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7249\/RR1695"},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2022.2095075","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. BRFSS Prevalence & Trends Data. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/brfss\/brfssprevalence\/ Published September 13, 2017. 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Occupational information collection and reporting. https:\/\/www.esd.whs.mil\/Portals\/54\/Documents\/DD\/issuances\/dodi\/131201p.pdf. 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