{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:59:16Z","timestamp":1791291556039,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>An aquarium-maintained male California moray Gymnothorax mordax had a symmetrical enlargement of the soft tissues of the head dorsal to the cranium for 2 years prior to its death. This individual was anesthetized for radiographic and ultrasonographic examination of the lesion, and blood was collected for plasma biochemical analytes and lipid profiles. Radiographs and ultrasound of the lesion demonstrated a symmetrical and homogeneous soft tissue density that was consistent with adipose tissue. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride values appeared elevated; therefore, the animal's diet was amended to decrease fat consumption. Triglyceride values decreased after dietary changes were made; however, values for cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins fluctuated but remained largely unchanged. Histopathological assessment of the lesion revealed localized xanthogranulomatous inflammation of hypodermal adipose tissue. The etiology of the lesion in this animal was never determined. This paper describes the first documented case of localized xanthogranulomatous panniculitis in a California moray and demonstrates the need for additional research on specific dietary requirements, species-specific physiological differences, and lesions involving the adipose tissue of morays in comparison with other teleost species.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Received September 16, 2011; accepted February 9, 2012<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08997659.2012.675930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T19:36:49Z","timestamp":1345145809000},"page":"171-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Xanthogranulomatous Panniculitis of the Head of an Aquarium-Maintained California Moray"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Erlacher-Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mystic Aquarium, Sea Research Foundation, Incorporated 55 Coogan Boulevard Mystic Connecticut 06355 USA"},{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida Post Office Box 100136 Gainesville Florida 32610 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison D.","family":"Tuttle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mystic Aquarium, Sea Research Foundation, Incorporated, 55 Coogan Boulevard, Mystic, Connecticut, 06355, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Salvatore","family":"Frasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3089, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0001","first-page":"39","article-title":"Increased lipid peroxidation in the erythrocytes of kidney stone formers","volume":"26","author":"Anuradha","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38342-5","article-title":"Plasma lipoproteins in fish","volume":"30","author":"Babin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3354\/dao041123","article-title":"The histopathology and ultrastructure of steatitis affecting common dab Limanda limanda","volume":"41","author":"Begg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1983.tb00088.x","article-title":"Ceroid deposition, retinal degeneration and renal calcium oxalate crystals in cultured clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris","volume":"6","author":"Blazer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0005","author":"Clode"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0006","first-page":"63","article-title":"Yellow fat in two laboratory cats: acid-fast pigmentation associated with a fish-based ration","volume":"44","author":"Coffin","year":"1954","journal-title":"Cornell Veterinarian"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9629(75)80059-4","article-title":"Metabolic and hematological effects of starvation in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L.: I. carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and inorganic ion metabolism","volume":"52A","author":"Dave","year":"1975","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0008","first-page":"55","article-title":"The pathology of experimental and natural cases of \u201cyellow fat\u201d disease in swine","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"1954","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2095.2009.00681.x","article-title":"Interactive effects of dietary cholesterol and protein sources on growth performance and cholesterol metabolism of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","volume":"16","author":"Deng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquaculture Nutrition"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0010","first-page":"3","article-title":"Vitamin E deficiency in zoo reptiles, birds, and ungulates","volume":"20","author":"Dierenfeld","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-445X(93)90002-I","article-title":"Effects of Black Rock Harbor sediments on indices of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and DNA integrity in channel catfish","volume":"26","author":"Di Giulio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1960.33376","article-title":"Muscle degeneration and yellow fat disease in foals","volume":"8","author":"Dodd","year":"1960","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0112.1","article-title":"Plasma biochemistry values of recently wild-caught purplemouth moray eels (Gymnothorax vicinus)","volume":"42","author":"Erlacher-Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0014","volume-title":"A field guide to Pacific coast fishes: North America","author":"Eschmeyer","year":"1983"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0015","volume-title":"Systemic pathology of fish: a text and atlas of normal tissues in teleosts and their responses in disease","author":"Ferguson","year":"2006","edition":"2nd edition"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0016","first-page":"328","article-title":"Contact dermatitis in green moray eels (Gymnothorax funebris) exposed to fiberglass","volume":"23","author":"Francis-Floyd","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(94)90192-9","article-title":"Iron induces lipid peroxidation in cultured macrophages, increases their ability to oxidatively modify LDL, and affects their secretory properties","volume":"111","author":"Fuhrman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/009841096161375","article-title":"Effects of metal ions on lipid peroxidation in cultured rat hepatocytes loaded with alpha-linolenic acid","volume":"48","author":"Furono","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-9194(17)30120-2","article-title":"Hematology and clinical chemistry of cyprinid fish: common carp and goldfish","volume":"2","author":"Groff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America Exotic Animal Practice"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541892","article-title":"Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are injured by exposure to oxalate and to calcium oxalate crystals","volume":"22","author":"Hackett","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urological Research"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1985.tb00836.x","article-title":"Steatitis in mice infected with Coxsackie virus B3","volume":"29","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(87)90002-6","article-title":"The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish","volume":"26","author":"Henderson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Progress in Lipid Research"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4639-4646.2001","article-title":"Granulomatous skin lesions in moray eels caused by a novel Mycobacterium species related to Mycobacterium triplex","volume":"69","author":"Herbst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1985.tb01219.x","article-title":"Steatitis in Sunapee trout, Salvelinus alpinus oquassa Girard","volume":"8","author":"Herman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02279201","article-title":"Oxalic acid metabolism in man: a review","volume":"2","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2011.01267.x","article-title":"Steatitis in wild sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), in the Olifants and lower Letaba rivers in the Kruger National Park, South Africa","volume":"34","author":"Huchzermeyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0027","author":"ISIS (International Species Information System)","year":"2010","journal-title":"International species holding database. ISIS, Eagan, Minnesota"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0028","first-page":"781","volume-title":"Veterinary pathology","author":"Jones","year":"1997","edition":"6th edition"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106375","article-title":"Oxidative stress in toxicology: established mammalian and emerging piscine model systems","volume":"106","author":"Kelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0030","first-page":"191","article-title":"Cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA) in the blood of marine fish","volume":"57B","author":"Larsson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.1076","article-title":"Oxidative damage to lipids and DNA concurrent with decrease of antioxidants in rat testes after acute iron intoxication","volume":"316","author":"Lucesoli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2307\/2420431","article-title":"Notes on the natural history of some marine animals","volume":"19","author":"MacGinitie","year":"1938","journal-title":"American Midland Naturalist"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1086\/594381","article-title":"Ecomorphology of the moray bite: relationship between dietary extremes and morphological diversity","volume":"82","author":"Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(98)00133-7","article-title":"Oxidative stress in liver of brown bullhead and channel catfish following exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide","volume":"46","author":"Ploch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0035","first-page":"557","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection of adipose tissues induces steatitis in adult mice","volume":"71","author":"Price","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(95)00142-P","article-title":"Electrophoretic evidence for the impairment of complexes of the respiratory chain during iron\/ascorbate induced peroxidation in isolated rat liver mitochondria","volume":"1239","author":"Reinheckel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-001-0228-z","article-title":"Calcium oxalate stone disease: role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants","volume":"30","author":"Selvam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urological Research"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0038","first-page":"705","article-title":"Effect of citrate feeding on free radical induced changes in experimental urolithiasis","volume":"30","author":"Selvam","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.1.320","article-title":"Multifocal granulomatous panniculitis with ceroid pigment in two Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba)","volume":"46","author":"Soto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65141-3","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation in ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis","volume":"157","author":"Thamilselvan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1139\/f04-050","article-title":"Blood chemistry correlates of nutritional condition, tissue damage, and stress in migrating juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","volume":"61","author":"Wagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0042","first-page":"240","article-title":"Steatitis on mink farms in Alberta","volume":"22","author":"Wilton","year":"1958","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230590890187","article-title":"A brief overview of nonneoplastic hepatic toxicity in fish","volume":"33","author":"Wolf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"key":"2025011310420344800_CIT0044","first-page":"597","volume-title":"Pathology of domestic animals","author":"Yager","year":"1993","edition":"4th edition"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aquatic Animal Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article-pdf\/24\/3\/171\/60979102\/aah0171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article-pdf\/24\/3\/171\/60979102\/aah0171.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T10:53:26Z","timestamp":1736765606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article\/24\/3\/171\/7822001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08997659.2012.675930","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-7659","1548-8667"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1548-8667","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]}}}