{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:21:24Z","timestamp":1788996084843,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4237,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2007-38500-18471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007-38500-18471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2008-38500-19435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008-38500-19435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010-38500-20948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010-38500-20948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Smith-Lever funds for Cooperative Extension Project","award":["12\u2013506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\u2013506"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Smith-Lever funds for Cooperative Extension","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12\u2013506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\u2013506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Francisellosis is an emergent disease in cultured and wild aquatic animals. The causative agent, Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno), is a gram-negative bacterium recognized as one of the most virulent pathogens of warmwater fish. The main objective of this project was to investigate the prevalence of Fno in cultured tilapia (specifically, Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, Koilapia [also known as Wami Tilapia] O. hornorum, Blue Tilapia O. aureus, and Nile Tilapia O. niloticus hybrids) on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, using conventional and real-time PCR assays followed by statistical modeling to compare the different diagnostic methods and identify potential risk factors. During 2010 and 2012, 827 fish were collected from different geographical locations throughout the island of Oahu. Upon collection of fish, the water temperature in the rearing system and the length of individual fish were measured. Extraction of DNA from different tissues collected aseptically during necropsy served as a template for molecular diagnosis. High correlation between both molecular methods was observed. Moreover, the bacterium was isolated from infected tilapia on selective media and confirmed to be Fno utilizing a species-specific Taqman-based real-time PCR assay. Although a direct comparison of the prevalence of Fno between the different geographical areas was not possible, the results indicate a high prevalence of Fno DNA in cultured tilapia throughout the farm sites located on Oahu. Of the different tilapia species and hybrids currently cultured in Hawaii, Mozambique Tilapia were more susceptible to infection than Koilapia. Water temperature in the rearing systems and fish size also had a strong effect on the predicted level of infection, with fish held at lower temperatures and smaller fish being more susceptible to piscine francisellosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Received November 30, 2012; accepted February 22, 2013<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08997659.2013.781554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T22:59:35Z","timestamp":1367535575000},"page":"104-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prevalence of <i>Francisella noatunensis<\/i> subsp. <i>orientalis<\/i> in Cultured Tilapia on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Esteban","family":"Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Post Office Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"McGovern-Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii\u2013Manoa, Agricultural Science 218, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Klinger-Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii\u2013Manoa, Agricultural Science 218, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley K.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii\u2013Manoa, Agricultural Science 218, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moana Technologies, LLC, Halawa Research Station, 99-1255 Waiua Place 4, Aiea, Hawaii, 96701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathene","family":"Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moana Technologies, LLC, Halawa Research Station, 99-1255 Waiua Place 4, Aiea, Hawaii, 96701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelda","family":"Waal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Rushton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Mill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clyde S.","family":"Tamaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii\u2013Manoa, Agricultural Science 218, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2010.01226.x","article-title":"Francisella infections in fish and shellfish","volume":"34","author":"Birkbeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0002","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach","author":"Burnham","year":"2002","edition":"2nd edition"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0003","first-page":"991","article-title":"Immune response of Channel Catfish under different environmental conditions","volume":"169","author":"Collins","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-47","article-title":"Francisella infections in farmed and wild aquatic organisms","volume":"42","author":"Colquhoun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0005","volume-title":"Nonindigenous freshwater and estuarine species introductions and their potential to affect sportfishing in the lower stream and estuarine regions of the south and west shores of Oahu, Hawaii","author":"Englund","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892997000088","article-title":"A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence\/absence models","volume":"24","author":"Fielding","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environmental Conservation"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0007","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Biology of Hawaiian streams and estuaries: proceedings of the symposium on the biology of Hawaiian streams and estuaries, April 2005","author":"Font","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-44-1-38","article-title":"Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of Francisella strains and utilization for determination of the phylogeny of the genus and for identification of strains by PCR","volume":"44","author":"Forsman","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(95)05491-X","article-title":"The effect of temperature and water quality on antibody response to Aeromonas salmonicida in sunshine bass (Morone chrysops \u00d7 Morone saxatilis)","volume":"50","author":"Hrubec","year":"1996","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3354\/dao053249","article-title":"Characterization of a piscirickettsiosis-like disease in Hawaiian tilapia","volume":"53","author":"Mauel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0011","volume-title":"Hawaii aquaculture.","author":"NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service)","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0012","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0013","first-page":"490","article-title":"Introductions of marine fishes to the Hawaiian Islands","volume":"41","author":"Randall","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bulletin of Marine Science"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02533","article-title":"Effects of temperature and salt concentration on Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis infections in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"101","author":"Soto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02204","article-title":"Development of a real-time PCR assay for identification and quantification of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis","volume":"89","author":"Soto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2009.01070.x","article-title":"Francisella sp., an emerging pathogen of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in Costa Rica","volume":"32","author":"Soto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712452108","article-title":"Molecular and immunohistochemical diagnosis of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues","volume":"24","author":"Soto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0018","volume-title":"AFS-FHS. FHS blue book: suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens","author":"USFWS and AFS-FHS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and American Fisheries Society\u2013Fish Health Section)","year":"2005","edition":"2005 edition"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2","volume-title":"Modern applied statistics with S","author":"Venables","year":"2002","edition":"4th edition"},{"key":"2025011310215223800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2001.tb10753.x","article-title":"Immune responses of teleost fish","volume":"79","author":"Watts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Australian Veterinary Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aquatic Animal Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08997659.2013.781554","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08997659.2013.781554","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article-pdf\/25\/2\/104\/60980347\/aah0104.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article-pdf\/25\/2\/104\/60980347\/aah0104.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T10:26:16Z","timestamp":1736763976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article\/25\/2\/104\/7815220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08997659.2013.781554","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-7659","1548-8667"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1548-8667","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]]}}}