{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T18:55:49Z","timestamp":1793472949429,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine"},{"name":"Mississippi Agricultural"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012591","name":"Forestry Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>An adult Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with a focally extensive skin lesion near the caudal peduncle and mild iridial hemorrhage was submitted to the Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ARDL) in Stoneville, Mississippi, as part of a fish kill investigation. Touch impressions of this musculoskeletal lesion revealed small cocci (\u223c1 \u03bcm) in pairs or chains within an inflammatory milieu. A pure Gram-positive cocci isolate was obtained from the brain, while cultures of the kidney and muscle yielded multiple bacterial colony types, including the Gram-positive cocci seen in the brain. This brain isolate was characterized biochemically and identified as Lactococcus spp. Analysis of the near complete 16S small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene sequences revealed the bacterium to be L. lactis subsp. lactis (SSU rDNA: 100% identity, 1,372\/1,372 bp; gyrB: 99.7% identity, 1,779\/1,785 bp). Comparatively, at the gyrB locus the case isolate shared less than 90% similarity to L. lactis subsp. cremoris (1,599\/1,781 bp) and less than 80% homology to L. garvieae (1409\/1775 bp). Histopathological examination confirmed a severe meningoencephalitis, a moderate mononuclear myositis, and a mild interstitial nephritis. We believe this represents the first report of a natural infection by L. lactis subsp. lactis in Silver Carp.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Received December 3, 2012; accepted August 17, 2013<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08997659.2013.837118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T17:22:36Z","timestamp":1396372956000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lactococcosis in Silver Carp"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lester H.","family":"Khoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Post Office Box 197, Stoneville, Mississippi, 38776, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank W.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Post Office Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie M. A.","family":"Quiniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Catfish Genetics Research Unit, Post Office Box 38, Stoneville, Mississippi, 38776, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia S.","family":"Gaunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Post Office Box 197, Stoneville, Mississippi, 38776, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis K.","family":"Riecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, 1505 Eastover Drive, Jackson, Mississippi, 39211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia M.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, 8 County Road 413, Oxford, Mississippi, 38655, 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