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The mechanisms of memory impairment induced by TD remain unknown. Here, we show that hippocampal degeneration is a potential microendophenotype (an endophenotype of brain disease at the cellular and synaptic levels) of WKS in pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) mice, a rodent model of WKS. PTD mice show deficits in the hippocampus-dependent memory formation, although they show normal hippocampus-independent memory. Similarly with WKS, impairments in memory formation did not recover even at 6\u00a0months after treatment with PTD. Importantly, PTD mice exhibit a decrease in neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus and reduced density of wide dendritic spines in the DG. Our findings suggest that TD induces hippocampal degeneration, including the loss of neurons and spines, thereby leading to enduring impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2016.1224639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T16:23:26Z","timestamp":1472660606000},"page":"2425-2436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Vitamin B1-deficient mice show impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory formation and loss of hippocampal neurons and dendritic spines: potential microendophenotypes of Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Inaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamae","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021033109483309700_CIT0001","volume-title":"\u00dcber Oryzanin, ein Bestandteil der Reiskleie und seine physiologische Bedeutung [Over Oryzanin, a component of the rice bran and its physiological meaning]","author":"Suzuki","year":"1913"},{"key":"2021033109483309700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524013363870","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of thiamine utilization","volume":"1","author":"Singleton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. 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