{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:17:27Z","timestamp":1790335047578,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":255,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"funding associated"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Strabismus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2023.2227681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T08:01:43Z","timestamp":1690272103000},"page":"97-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Divergence excess and basic exotropia types of intermittent exotropia: a major review. Part 1: prevalence, classification, risk factors, natural history and clinical characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4066-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin Ming-Leung","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Scheiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2016.1242640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1968.00980050438006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580490907805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2014.904371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2019.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580590967772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120720","article-title":"Association between childhood strabismus and refractive error in Chinese preschool children","volume":"10","author":"Zhu H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu H, Yu J-J, Yu R-B, et al. Association between childhood strabismus and refractive error in Chinese preschool children. Pan C-W, ed. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0120720.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.8.854"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.3158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1992.11981899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2019.1604773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1954.11981106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(43)91519-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1953.11981081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","unstructured":"Duane A. A new classification of the motor anomalies of the eye based upon physiological principles: together with their symptoms diagnosis and treatment."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(66)92570-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(71)91091-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"The surgical management of exodeviations","volume":"62","author":"Burian HM","year":"1964","unstructured":"Burian HM, Spivey BE. The surgical management of exodeviations. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1964;62:276\u2013306.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1988.11981775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00623-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2001.120175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1988.11981776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73370-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","first-page":"673","article-title":"Convergence insufficiency: incidence, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"49","author":"Cooper J","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cooper J, Duckman R. Convergence insufficiency: incidence, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Optom Assoc. 1978;49:673\u2013680.","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.134700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130731018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090220099030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-017-0605-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.083154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1952.01700030004001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)34443-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-015-0213-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1992.11981894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-12-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20160122-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.152975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200309000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20150520-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00583.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.099465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010441010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2019.0054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-197101140-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Major review: intermittent exotropia basic and divergence excess type","volume":"8","author":"Cooper J","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cooper J, Medow N. Major review: intermittent exotropia basic and divergence excess type. Binocular Vis Eye Muscle Surg Quartely. 1993;8:185\u2013216.","journal-title":"Binocular Vis Eye Muscle Surg Quartely"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273972.2013.877940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2010.24.2.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.4486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61568-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2002.122059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2009.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.2.189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2576117X.2019.1607428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198604000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Comparative measurement of exodeviations at twenty and one hundred feet","volume":"69","author":"Burian H","year":"1971","unstructured":"Burian H, Smith D. Comparative measurement of exodeviations at twenty and one hundred feet. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1971;69:188\u2013199.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","first-page":"2162","article-title":"Comparative measurements of exodeviations in the three types of intermittent exotropia","volume":"14","author":"Wang H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang H, Liu G, Pan X, Huang W. Comparative measurements of exodeviations in the three types of intermittent exotropia. Int J Ophthalmol. 2014;14:2162\u20132164.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1987.11981738"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.4.478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.66.6.398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.65.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(79)90151-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1975.11982375","article-title":"The value of diagnostic occlusion for intermittent exotropia","volume":"25","author":"Niederecker O","year":"1975","unstructured":"Niederecker O, Scott WE. The value of diagnostic occlusion for intermittent exotropia. Am Orthopt J. 1975;25:901.","journal-title":"Am Orthopt J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1988.11981778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20030301-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.11.008","article-title":"Variability of angle of deviation measurements in children with intermittent exotropia","volume":"16","author":"Hatt, S. R., Leske, D. A., Liebermann, L., Mohney, B. G., Holmes, J. M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hatt, S. R., Leske, D. A., Liebermann, L., Mohney, B. G., Holmes, J. M. Variability of angle of deviation measurements in children with intermittent exotropia. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol and Strabismus. 2012;16(2):120\u2013124.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol and Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_1","first-page":"939","article-title":"The intraexaminer and interexaminer repeatability of the alternate cover test using different prism neutralization endpoints","volume":"81","author":"Johns HA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johns HA, Manny RE, Fern K, Hu Y-S. The intraexaminer and interexaminer repeatability of the alternate cover test using different prism neutralization endpoints. Optom Vis Sci. 2004;81:939\u2013946.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181d1d954"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1998.00375.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970600894716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2016.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.097790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.120287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.027615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.53.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2019.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1989.11981941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970903107972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-196807000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_1","first-page":"730","article-title":"Ocular divergence mechanisms","volume":"68","author":"Jampolsky A","year":"1970","unstructured":"Jampolsky A. Ocular divergence mechanisms. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1970;68:730\u2013822.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68632-3_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1956.11981169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_1","first-page":"356","volume-title":"Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus","author":"von Noorden G","year":"2002","unstructured":"von Noorden G, Campos E. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002:356\u2013376.","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1977.11982426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34411-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31815b9dec"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_1","first-page":"2254","article-title":"The photophobia incidence, stereopsis and suppression in intermittent exotropia","volume":"41","author":"Song SJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Song SJ, Kim MM. The photophobia incidence, stereopsis and suppression in intermittent exotropia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2000;41:2254\u20132257.","journal-title":"J Korean Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_1","first-page":"2797","article-title":"The clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia and their relationship","volume":"39","author":"Oh S","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oh S, Huh D, Hwang J, Min B. The clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia and their relationship. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1998;39:2797\u20132802.","journal-title":"J Korean Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2241-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060140087030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273972.2012.735338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1992.74.3c.1168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119827764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19900101-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00644-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.43.7.435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1985.54.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.11.1525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.128884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2009.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01352.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(99)70004-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.01.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.66.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-8-199304150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903001-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0343-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/OR\/2015\/15246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.5622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.07.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306545"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0557-1","article-title":"Health-related quality of life correlated with the clinical severity of intermittent exotropia in children","volume":"34","author":"Wang, Y., Xu, M., Yu, H., Xu, J., Hou, F., Zhou, J., Yu, X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Xu, M., Yu, H., Xu, J., Hou, F., Zhou, J., Yu, X. Health-related quality of life correlated with the clinical severity of intermittent exotropia in children. Eye. 2020;34(2):400\u2013407.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31616-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S89727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.071761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.0082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.04.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.39116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_173_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"Study on the near, middle and long distance stereopsis of normal and children with intermittent exotropia","volume":"38","author":"Hu C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hu C, Huang X, Liu G, Li H, Yang X, Han B. Study on the near, middle and long distance stereopsis of normal and children with intermittent exotropia. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2002;38:452\u2013456.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.182139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020010033007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_177_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Suppression associated with exotropia","volume":"4","author":"Pratt-Johnson J","year":"1969","unstructured":"Pratt-Johnson J, Wee HS. Suppression associated with exotropia. Can J Ophthalmol. 1969;4:136\u2013144.","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_178_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Alternating exotropia: temporal course of the switch in suppression","volume":"20","author":"Steinbach MJ","year":"1981","unstructured":"Steinbach MJ. Alternating exotropia: temporal course of the switch in suppression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981;20:129\u2013133.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1955.00930020689010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-0994-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.70.9.673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_182_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Intermittent exotropia: stimulus characteristics affect tests for retinal correspondence and suppression","volume":"15","author":"Cooper J","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cooper J, Feldman J, Pasner K. Intermittent exotropia: stimulus characteristics affect tests for retinal correspondence and suppression. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2000;15:131\u2013140.","journal-title":"Binocul Vis Strabismus Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1981.11982529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170050276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1435-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2010.00805.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_189_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Correlation between worth four dot test results and fusional control in intermittent exotropia","volume":"7","author":"Etezad Razavi M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Etezad Razavi M, Najaran M, Azimi A, et al. Correlation between worth four dot test results and fusional control in intermittent exotropia. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2012;7:134\u2013138.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1976.11982396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210001000102"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12758","article-title":"Maintenance of normal fusion in intermittent exotropia","volume":"41","author":"Ma MML, Kang Y, Scheiman M, Chen Q, Ye X, Chen X.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma MML, Kang Y, Scheiman M, Chen Q, Ye X, Chen X. Maintenance of normal fusion in intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2021;41(1):33\u201341.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1996.56"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197807000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1967.00980020202010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-196103000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197907000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/0927-3972(200006)821-2FT135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00140423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.1970.tb00908.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12009-007-0006-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1947.00890220635008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.2.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-197101140-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.1995.tb00776.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.54.1.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.66.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.56.1.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00234.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198604000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00409.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_213_1","first-page":"414","article-title":"Accommodation dynamics in divergence excess exotropia","volume":"25","author":"Schnider CM","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schnider CM, Ciuffreda KJ, Cooper J, Kruger PB. Accommodation dynamics in divergence excess exotropia. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984;25:414\u2013418.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-006-0353-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.01.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.06.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2019.1583675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970802678602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(86)90048-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02313.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1970.11982271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1977.11982424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198001000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.56.1.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0585-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199204000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200204000-00012"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12972","article-title":"Reliability of step vergence method for assessing fusional vergence in intermittent exotropia","volume":"42","author":"Ma MM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma MM, Kang Y, Scheiman M, Chen Q, Ye X, Chen X. Reliability of step vergence method for assessing fusional vergence in intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2022;42(4):913\u2013920.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273972.2012.655838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/987048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1935.00840040129012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(98)90105-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_238_1","first-page":"2169","article-title":"Incomitant strabismus associated with instability of rectus pulleys","volume":"43","author":"Oh SY","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oh SY, Clark RA, Velez F, Rosenbaum AL, Demer JL. Incomitant strabismus associated with instability of rectus pulleys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:2169\u20132178.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.88"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1983.11981594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1969.11981553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19910501-03"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273979409105049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2017.0086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020020370019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1978.11982451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(27)90757-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0065955X.1998.11982164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_256_1","first-page":"734","article-title":"Dissociated vertical deviation-a clinical and laboratory study","volume":"78","author":"Helveston EM","year":"1980","unstructured":"Helveston EM. Dissociated vertical deviation-a clinical and laboratory study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1980;78:734\u2013779.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"}],"container-title":["Strabismus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/09273972.2023.2227681","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T10:43:42Z","timestamp":1697021022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/09273972.2023.2227681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"references-count":255,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/09273972.2023.2227681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09273972.2023.2227681","relation":{},"ISSN":["0927-3972","1744-5132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0927-3972","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-5132","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=istr20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=istr20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2023-07-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}