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Zeitung","author":"Preuss S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0033","volume-title":"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(97)00041-3","volume":"26","author":"Ham R.M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"CIT0035","unstructured":"BMFT,ibid., p. 215."},{"key":"CIT0036","unstructured":"Ham & Mowery,op. cit., Ref. 34."},{"key":"CIT0037","unstructured":"Naval Research Advisory Committee. 1959.Basic Research in the Navy. A Report to the Secretary of the NavyVol. I, 55 Washington, D.C., et seq., Vol. II, pp. 74 et seq."},{"key":"CIT0038","unstructured":"National Science Board. 1996.Science and Engineering Indicators 19964\u201328. Washington, D.C., with reference to an unpublished study by Stevens, Kroll and Narin from 1994"},{"key":"CIT0039","unstructured":"These interviews were conducted in 2001. They involved the past director of one such institution, a leading government official who had to supervise such institutions, and two representatives of the armed forces."},{"key":"CIT0040","unstructured":"BMFT,op. cit., Ref. 34, p. 215; \u2018Vereinbarung \u00fcber die gegenseitige Nutzung staatlicher Pr\u00fcfeinrichtungen\u2019, 18 September 1998, T\/R\/264\/Y0015\/Y9203."},{"key":"CIT0041","unstructured":"Articles III, 3.6 and 3.7 of the aforementioned agreement (\u2018Vereinbarung .\u2019,ibid.)."},{"key":"CIT0042","volume-title":"R&D Collaboration on Trial. The Microelectronic and Computer Technology Corporation","author":"Gibson D.V.","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT0043","volume-title":"The Federal Role in Fostering University-Industry-Cooperation","year":"1983"},{"key":"CIT0044","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Public Private Partnership","author":"Stock G.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0045","unstructured":"K. Brockhoff, \u2018Steuerkreise schaffen\u2019, in:ibid., pp. 40\u201345, here p. 45."},{"key":"CIT0046","volume-title":"Handbook of Technology Management","author":"Betz F.","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0047","unstructured":"Gibson & Rogers,op. cit., Ref. 42."},{"key":"CIT0048","unstructured":"W. Kroell & J. Blum, \u2018Erweiterung des Wissens\u2019, in: Stifterverband f\u00fcr die deutsche Wissenschaft,op. cit., Ref. 44, pp. 16\u201323, here p. 22."},{"key":"CIT0049","unstructured":"Gibson & Rogers,op. cit., Ref. 42, pp. 73, 541."},{"key":"CIT0050","unstructured":"A good account of the history of BMI is given in: Boehm & Groner,op. cit., Ref. 11."},{"key":"CIT0051","unstructured":"Data for Figure 1 are taken from the Annual Reports of BMI, earlier called \u2018The President\u2019s Report and Annual Review\u2019. Although accounting and reporting standards were changed a few times during the period under observation, we tried to make the data comparable."},{"key":"CIT0052","unstructured":"Equity shares of BMI have always been relatively high. Recently, the shares were 72.8% in 1996 and 69% in 1999. It is difficult to calculate comparable data for BF. The share of long-term capital available to BF was reduced from 79% in 1970 to 23% in 1983. When the city of Frankfurt agreed to basically transfer the property used by BF to this institution, this helped to raise the equity share in the 1980s well beyond the 40% mark. However, the city in turn was granted a right of preemption valued at half the potential sales price of the property in case it was sold. This occurred then in 1993."},{"key":"CIT0053","unstructured":"Boehm & Groner,op. cit., Ref. 11, pp. 23\u201324."},{"key":"CIT0054","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 95."},{"key":"CIT0055","unstructured":"Ibid., pp. 23\u201324."},{"key":"CIT0056","unstructured":"BF was never required to publish annual report. It did publish reports with limited information in many, but not all years. Financial information can best be derived from the BMI reports."},{"key":"CIT0057","unstructured":"R\u00fcdiger, M. 2000.Forschung und Entwicklung als Dienstleistung, 177Wiesbaden: DUV. et seq.; Edag Corp.Annual Report 2000, p. 17."},{"key":"CIT0058","unstructured":"BF annual reports (\u2018Jahresberichte\u2019) 1975 and 1978. As can be seen, the categories cannot be compared immediately."},{"key":"CIT0059","unstructured":"R\u00fcdiger,op. cit., Ref. 57."},{"key":"CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-322-89484-7_1","volume-title":"Entrepreneurial Spirits","author":"Brockhoff K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0061","unstructured":"Bertrandt Corp.Annual Reports, 1999 and 2000."},{"key":"CIT0062","unstructured":"Study by Marktforschung Dr. Hilpert KG, November 1971. 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