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In Readings in the Management of Innovation , 2nd edn , Edited by: Tushman , M. L. and Moore , W. L. 487 \u2013 498 . New York : Harper Collins .","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"New Technologies and the Firm","author":"Oakey R. P.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oakey , R. P. , Cooper , S. Y. and Biggar , J. 1993 . \u201c Product marketing and sales in high-technology small firms \u201d . In New Technologies and the Firm , Edited by: Swann , P. 201 \u2013 222 . London : Routledge ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_1","volume-title":"Start-Up and Equity Primer","author":"Brown A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brown , A. and Soderstrom , E. 2002 . Start-Up and Equity Primer , Yale : Association of University Technology Managers Publication ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_1","first-page":"598","volume-title":"Frontiers of Entrepreneurial Research","author":"Daniels G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Daniels , G. and Hofer , C. 1993 . \u201c Characteristics of successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurial faculty and their innovative research teams \u201d . In Frontiers of Entrepreneurial Research Edited by: Churchill , N. , Birley , S. , Bygrave , W. , Doutriaux , J. , Gatewood , E. , Hoy , F. and Wetzel , W. 598 \u2013 609 ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 63."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007896514609"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 80."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218495896000241"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_1","volume-title":"Entrepreneurship and the new firm","author":"Storey D. J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Storey , D. J. 1982 . Entrepreneurship and the new firm , London : Croom Helm ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 82."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_1","first-page":"813","volume-title":"The 6th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference.","author":"Evans G.","unstructured":"Evans , G. , Keogh , W. and Blaydon , C. The role of science parks and incubators in the incubation process . The 6th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference. pp. 813 \u2013 829 . University of Twente ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_1","volume-title":"paper presented at the 15th Annual Entrepreneurship Research Conference (The Babson Conference) at London Business School","author":"Klofsten M.","unstructured":"Klofsten , M. Stimulating the growth and development of small technology-based firms: an entrepreneurship model that works . paper presented at the 15th Annual Entrepreneurship Research Conference (The Babson Conference) at London Business School . April 9\u201313 ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 69."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTT.0000034121.02507.f3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 3."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 72."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 8."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 17."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01108617"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 63."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Comparison of the experiences of Irish and Finnish enterprises, 14th Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business (RENT) Conference","author":"Malinen P.","unstructured":"Malinen , P. and Sinerro , P. Growth factors of small enterprises assisted by a Technology Centre . Comparison of the experiences of Irish and Finnish enterprises, 14th Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business (RENT) Conference . November 23\u201324 . pp. 165 \u2013 169 . Prague : Czech Republic ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4972(02)00034-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-6301(93)90204-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14637159810224322"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 29."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 27."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(03)00107-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 5."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 59."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 28."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 5."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 3."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Organizations: rational, natural and open systems","author":"Scott W. R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Scott , W. R. 1987 . Organizations: rational, natural and open systems , 2nd edn , 141 Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTT.0000011181.11952.0f"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 11."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_1","volume-title":"The 48th ICSB Conference Proceedings","author":"Albert P.","unstructured":"Albert , P. and Gaynor , L. National vontexts, incubator families and trends in incubation-views from four countries . The 48th ICSB Conference Proceedings . Belfast"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 8."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 113."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Change agents in the new economy: business incubators and economic development","author":"Campbell C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Campbell , C. 1989 . 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Obstacles to minority entrepreneurship in the inner-city and the role of business incubation programs in surmounting them . 13\u201316 March paper to the 26th Annual Meeting of the Urban Affairs Association Available online: htttp:\/\/www.louisville.edu\/org\/sun\/economic_dev\/uaapa.html"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_121_1","first-page":"643","article-title":"Measurement and evaluation of technology transfer: review of technology transfer mechanisms and indicators","volume":"10","author":"Autio E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Autio , E. and Laamanen , T. 1996 . Measurement and evaluation of technology transfer: review of technology transfer mechanisms and indicators . International Journal of Technology Management , 10 ( 7\/8 ) : 643 \u2013 664 .","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 17; also pointed out by Lyons et al . 1996 Op. cit . ref. 119."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_123_1","unstructured":"Op. cit ref 119."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 17."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_1","unstructured":"Op. cit ref. 111."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 17."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 11."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 103."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(85)90010-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_130_1","volume-title":"Organisations Evolving","author":"Aldrich H.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aldrich , H. 1999 . Organisations Evolving , London : Sage Publications ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_131_1","unstructured":"Op cit . ref. 128."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08985629100000001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/104225879301700201","article-title":"A networked model of organisation formation","volume":"17","author":"Larson A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Larson , A. and Starr , J. A. 1992 . A networked model of organisation formation . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 17 : 5 \u2013 17 .","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_134_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 129."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_135_1","volume-title":"Enterprise and Small Business","author":"Shaw E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shaw , E. and Conway , S. 2000 . \u201c Networking and the small firm \u201d . In Enterprise and Small Business , Edited by: Carter , S. and Jones-Evans , D. Harlow : Prentice-Hall ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9026(02)00081-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_137_1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship","author":"Aldrich H.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Aldrich , H. and Zimmer , C. 1986 . \u201c Entrepreneurship through social networks \u201d . In The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship , Edited by: Sexton , D. L. and Smilor , R. W. 2 \u2013 23 . Cambridge, MA : Ballinger ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_138_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 134."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_139_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 135."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0266242605052073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_142_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 136."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/08985629400000020","article-title":"Beyond anarchy and organisation: entrepreneurs in contextual networks","volume":"6","author":"Johannisson B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johannisson , B. , Alexanderson , O. , Nowicki , K. and Seneseth , K. 1994 . Beyond anarchy and organisation: entrepreneurs in contextual networks . Entrepreneurship and Regional Development , 6 ( 3 ) : 329 \u2013 356 .","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship and Regional Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_144_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 134."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_145_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 135."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08985628900000003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_147_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 136 p. 3."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104225878701200201"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08985629300000016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_150_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_151_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 135."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_152_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00208825.1987.11656445"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(94)90009-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_155_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_156_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 142."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026624269100900404"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_158_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 134."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_1_159_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The network construct in entrepreneurship research: a review and critique","volume":"39","author":"O'Donnell A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"O'Donnell , A. , Gilmore , A. , Cummins , D. and Carson , D. 2001 . The network construct in entrepreneurship research: a review and critique . Management Decision , 39 ( 9 ) : 1 \u2013 14 .","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026624269000800201"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/089856200283036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007997102930"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/089856200413464"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_164_1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research","author":"Hills G.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hills , G. , Lumpkin , G. T. and Singh , R. P. 1997 . \u201c Opportunity recognition: perceptions and behaviors of entrepreneurs \u201d . In Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research , 203 \u2013 218 . Wellesley, MA : Babson College ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_165_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 128 p. 115."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_166_1","volume-title":"The 48th ICSB Conference Proceedings","author":"Lender C.","unstructured":"Lender , C. Management, Professionals and Funding of University Business Incubators Worldwide . The 48th ICSB Conference Proceedings . Belfast."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_167_1","article-title":"Networked incubators: hothouses of the economy","author":"Hansen M. T.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hansen , M. T. , Chesbrough , H. W. , Nohria , N. and Sull , D. 2000 . Networked incubators: hothouses of the economy . Harvard Business Review , Sept\/Oct","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_168_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 165 p. 6."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_169_1","volume-title":"Incubators: A Realist's Guide to the World's Business Accelerators","author":"Barrow C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barrow , C. 2001 . Incubators: A Realist's Guide to the World's Business Accelerators , Chichester : Wiley ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_170_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 165 p. |p| 6."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_171_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 140."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026624268600500102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_173_1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development","author":"Sweeney G. P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sweeney , G. P. 1987 . Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development , 155 London : Francis Pinter ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_174_1","unstructured":"Ibid. p. 1343."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_175_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref 128."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_176_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 171."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_177_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 172."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_178_1","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_179_1","volume-title":"The evolution and nature of young firm networks: a longitudinal perspective, a paper presented at the Uddevalla Symposium Trollhattan","author":"Schutjens V.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schutjens , V. and Stam , E. 2000 . The evolution and nature of young firm networks: a longitudinal perspective, a paper presented at the Uddevalla Symposium Trollhattan Sweden"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_180_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 172."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_181_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 152."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_182_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 172 p. 141."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_183_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_184_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 147."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_185_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 152."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_186_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 172."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_187_1","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 36th ICSB World Conference","author":"Carson D.","unstructured":"Carson , D. and Cromie , S. Marketing information. it's collection and utilisation by small firms . Proceedings of the 36th ICSB World Conference . pp. 51 \u2013 58 . Austria"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_188_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 178 p. 564."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_189_1","unstructured":"Op. cit ref. 131."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_190_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 13."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_191_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 11."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_192_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 113."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4972(01)00019-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_194_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 17."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_195_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 119."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_196_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 85."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_197_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 36."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_198_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 120."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_199_1","volume-title":"Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration","author":"Lambert R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lambert , R. 2003 . Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration , London : HMSO ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2003.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_201_1","unstructured":"Op. cit . ref. 8."}],"container-title":["Technology Analysis & Strategic Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/09537320601019578","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:07:51Z","timestamp":1772766471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/09537320601019578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":200,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/09537320601019578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537320601019578","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-7325","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}