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Residential programs for clients with dual disorders integrate mental health treatment, substance abuse interventions, housing and other supports. Ten controlled studies suggest that greater levels of integration of substance abuse and mental health services are more effective than less integration. Because the research is limited by methodological problems, further research is needed to establish the effectiveness of residential programs, to characterize important program elements, to establish methods to improve engagement into and retention in residential programs and to clarify which clients benefit from this type of service.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230412331324590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,30]],"date-time":"2004-11-30T14:47:19Z","timestamp":1101826039000},"page":"471-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["A review of research on residential programs for people with severe mental illness and co\u2010occurring substance use disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"MARY F.","family":"BRUNETTE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KIM T.","family":"MUESER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ROBERT E.","family":"DRAKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"475","article-title":"The new chronic patient and the system of community care","volume":"32","author":"Caton CLM","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hosp Commun Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"463","article-title":"The young adult chronic patient: overview of a population","volume":"32","author":"Pepper B.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hosp Commun Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(95)00068-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.6.856"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.226","article-title":"Violence and mental illness: the effects of substance abuse and nonadherence to medication","volume":"155","author":"Swartz MS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.4.685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.46.10.1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.2.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Homelessness in an urban state hospital aftercare sample","volume":"40","author":"Drake RE","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hosp Commun Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033438"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764003049002004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Correlates and outcomes of alcohol use disorder among rural schizophrenic outpatients","volume":"55","author":"Osher FC","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6932.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6809.1023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.51.2.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700027835"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00065-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(98)00021-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200107000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.5.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.1.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","volume-title":"Executive summary: Chronic mentally ill young adults with substance abuse problems: a review of research, treatment, and training issues","author":"Ridgely MS","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1001930101541"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1995.10471668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-120017243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.941218056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/105504999306063"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v14n04_07"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","unstructured":"SacksS. 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