{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T01:20:52Z","timestamp":1698715252593},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5081,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this article is to set out the groundwork for a research programme for harm reduction in alcohol and drug treatment. First, attitudes to science of those who work in the harm reduction field are discussed and it is argued that hostility to the introduction of conventional scientific methods to this field is seriously misguided. Harm reduction activity is then defined as an attempt to ameliorate the adverse health, social or economic consequences of mood\u2010altering substances without necessarily requiring a reduction in the consumption of these substances, and this definition is amplified. Finally, issues relevant to the measurement of outcome from harm reduction interventions are discussed by comparing Newcombe's classification of drug\u2010related harms with an existing instrument designed to measure outcomes from interventions in the drugs field (the <jats:italic>Opiate Treatment Index<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239500185431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,6]],"date-time":"2005-10-06T21:33:50Z","timestamp":1128634430000},"page":"331-336","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Groundwork for a research programme on harm reduction in alcohol and drug treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"NICK","family":"HEATHER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Psychoactive drugs and harm reduction: from faith to science","author":"Heather N.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"LurieP. ReingoldAL BowserB. ChenD. FoleyJ. GuydishJ. KahnJG LanS. SorensenJ.The public health impact of needle exchange programs in the United States and abroad. School of Public Health University of California Berkeley. Prepared for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. San Francisco 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","article-title":"Methadone maintenance and the likelihood of risky needle\u2010sharing","author":"Caplehorn J.","journal-title":"Int J Addict"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Ten years of cocaine: a follow\u2010up study of 64 cocaine users in Amsterdam","author":"Cohen P.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Psychoactive drugs and harm reduction: from faith to science","author":"Heather N.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","volume-title":"The reduction of drug\u2010related harm","author":"O'Hare P.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"Project on identification and management of alcohol\u2010related problems. 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