{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:46:30Z","timestamp":1784133990526,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"11","funder":[{"name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et Technologies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2022.2117547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T08:54:34Z","timestamp":1662800074000},"page":"1341-1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A preliminary study in classification of the severity of spine deformation in adolescents with lumbar\/thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis using machine learning algorithms based on lumbosacral joint efforts during gait"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bahare","family":"Samadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Technopole in Pediatric Rehabilitation Engineering, Sainte-Justine UHC, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Raison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Technopole in Pediatric Rehabilitation Engineering, Sainte-Justine UHC, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Mahaudens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019orthop\u00e9die et de traumatologie de l\u2019appareil locomoteur, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Secteur des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0776-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Detrembleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secteur des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofiane","family":"Achiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","unstructured":"A complete guide to the random forest algorithm. 2021. Built in [Internet]; [accessed 2021 Jan 2]. https:\/\/builtin.com\/data-science\/random-forest-algorithm."},{"key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/345662"},{"key":"CIT0003","volume-title":"Self-assessment in respiratory medicine","author":"Bloch KE","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT0004","unstructured":"Brownlee J. 2016. K-nearest neighbors for machine learning. Machine Learning Mastery [Internet]; [accessed 2021 Jan 2]. https:\/\/machinelearningmastery.com\/k-nearest-neighbors-for-machine-learning\/."},{"key":"CIT0005","unstructured":"Brownlee J. 2018. A gentle introduction to k-fold cross-validation. Machine Learning Mastery [Internet]. [accessed 2022 Feb 17]. https:\/\/machinelearningmastery.com\/k-fold-cross-validation\/."},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0864-x"},{"key":"CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341607"},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12541-018-0215-8"},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0762-9"},{"key":"CIT0010","unstructured":"Cobb JR, Cobb JL. 1948. Outline for the study of scoliosis [Internet]; [accessed 2018 Nov 19]. https:\/\/www.scienceopen.com\/document?vid=76a12f1e-c7ef-4cc2-8aec-0904b520cd98."},{"key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z"},{"key":"CIT0012","unstructured":"Ensemble methods. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Jul 20]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/ensemble.html."},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0013","first-page":"238","volume":"57","author":"Fix E","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int Statis Rev\/Rev Int Statis"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1044"},{"key":"CIT0015","unstructured":"Gaussian Processes. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/gaussian_process.html#gaussian-process-classification-gpc."},{"key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2019.1584795"},{"key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2303-4"},{"issue":"9","key":"CIT0018","first-page":"1817","volume":"65","author":"Greiner AK.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0019","first-page":"4","volume":"19","author":"Guilbert ML","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/81.17.1307"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110422"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200108000-00006"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200106010-00020"},{"key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200008000-00014"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00158-4"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0899-7"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2837-y"},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1002-0"},{"key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.050"},{"key":"CIT0030","unstructured":"Morrissy R, Weinstein S. 1996. Lovell and Winter\u2019s pediatric orthopedics. undefined [Internet]; [accessed 2020 Sep 24]. https:\/\/www.wolterskluwer.com\/en\/solutions\/ovid\/lovell-and-winters-pediatric-orthopaedics-768"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-2312(91)90023-5"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961030-00009"},{"key":"CIT0033","unstructured":"Neural Network Model \u2013 an overview | ScienceDirect Topics; [accessed 2020 Jul 17]. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/computer-science\/neural-network-model."},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.10.004"},{"key":"CIT0035","first-page":"107","volume":"158","author":"Raison M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"CIT0036","unstructured":"Raison M, Ballaz L. 2018. Lombo-sacral joint efforts during gait: comparison between healthy and scoliotic subjects. Studies in health technology and informatics [Internet]; [accessed 2018 Nov 23]. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/14823860\/Lombo-sacral_joint_efforts_during_gait_comparison_between_healthy_and_scoliotic_subjects."},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2005.855526"},{"key":"CIT0038","unstructured":"Robotran. Home. [accessed 2018 Dec 3]. http:\/\/www.robotran.be\/."},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2020.09.001"},{"key":"CIT0040","first-page":"1","author":"Samadi B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"},{"key":"CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0287-4"},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2015.03.1278"},{"key":"CIT0043","unstructured":"scikit-learn. 3.2. Tuning the hyper-parameters of an estimator. [Internet]; [accessed 2021 Nov 15]. https:\/\/scikit-learn\/stable\/modules\/grid_search.html."},{"key":"CIT0044","unstructured":"sklearn.discriminant_analysis.LinearDiscriminantAnalysis. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.discriminant_analysis.LinearDiscriminantAnalysis.html."},{"key":"CIT0045","unstructured":"sklearn.ensemble.AdaBoostClassifier. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.ensemble.AdaBoostClassifier.html."},{"key":"CIT0046","unstructured":"sklearn.ensemble.BaggingClassifier. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.ensemble.BaggingClassifier.html."},{"key":"CIT0047","unstructured":"sklearn.ensemble.ExtraTreesClassifier. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.ensemble.ExtraTreesClassifier.html."},{"key":"CIT0048","unstructured":"sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier.html."},{"key":"CIT0049","unstructured":"sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html#."},{"key":"CIT0050","unstructured":"sklearn.naive_bayes.GaussianNB. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.naive_bayes.GaussianNB.html."},{"key":"CIT0051","unstructured":"sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier.html#sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier."},{"key":"CIT0052","unstructured":"sklearn.neighbors.RadiusNeighborsClassifier. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Jul 22]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.neighbors.RadiusNeighborsClassifier.html."},{"key":"CIT0053","unstructured":"sklearn.neural_network.MLPClassifier. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.neural_network.MLPClassifier.html."},{"key":"CIT0054","unstructured":"sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Jul 20]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html."},{"key":"CIT0055","unstructured":"sklearn.svm.SVC. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Aug 3]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.svm.SVC.html."},{"key":"CIT0056","unstructured":"Support Vector Machines. scikit-learn 0.23.1 documentation; [accessed 2020 Jul 20]. https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/svm.html."},{"key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001679"},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109929"},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198804000-00006"},{"key":"CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-10-S2-S3"}],"container-title":["Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10255842.2022.2117547","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T10:07:44Z","timestamp":1691662064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10255842.2022.2117547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10255842.2022.2117547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10255842.2022.2117547","relation":{},"ISSN":["1025-5842","1476-8259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1025-5842","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-8259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=gcmb20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=gcmb20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2021-06-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-07","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}