{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:13:02Z","timestamp":1741752782977,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives: In 1967, despite escalating international hostility towards psychosurgery, a program of amygdaloid neurosurgery for the reduction of aggressive and self-harming behaviour commenced in Sydney. In this paper, the second of two articles on the Amygdaloid Neurosurgery Project (ANP), we analyse the relative contributions of seven nominated societal, ethical and other factors to the genesis and demise of the ANP, and consider implications of the history of the ANP for the future of neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders (NPD) in New South Wales (NSW) and elsewhere. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions: Leadership and the availability of resources were crucial factors in the genesis of the project. Its scientific foundations were doubtful in 1967, and remain so in 2009. Ethical issues became the focus of hostile media and Government attention in 1977 and precipitated the project's demise. Lessons derived from an historical analysis of the ANP should assist the medical profession develop appropriate approaches to recent advances in NPD, including deep brain stimulation, new ablative procedures and stem cell implantation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/10398560902952458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T22:20:09Z","timestamp":1254435609000},"page":"410-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Amygdaloid Neurosurgery for Aggressive Behaviour, Sydney, 1967\u20131977: Societal, Scientific, Ethical and Other Factors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney"},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sid","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr1-10398560902952458","DOI":"10.1080\/10398560902952441"},{"volume-title":"Last Resort: Psychosurgery and the Limits of Medicine","year":"1998","author":"Pressman JD","key":"bibr2-10398560902952458"},{"volume-title":"Great and Desperate Cures: the Rise and Decline of Psychosurgery and Other Radical Treatments for Mental Illness","year":"1986","author":"Valenstein ES","key":"bibr3-10398560902952458"},{"volume-title":"History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac","year":"1997","author":"Shorter EA","key":"bibr4-10398560902952458"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr5-10398560902952458","DOI":"10.1076\/jhin.8.1.60.1766"},{"volume-title":"The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness","year":"1960","author":"Laing RD","key":"bibr6-10398560902952458"},{"volume-title":"The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct","year":"1961","author":"Szasz TS","key":"bibr7-10398560902952458"},{"volume-title":"Suddenly, Last Summer","year":"1958","author":"Williams T","key":"bibr8-10398560902952458"},{"volume-title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest","year":"1973","author":"Kesey K","key":"bibr9-10398560902952458"},{"volume-title":"The Terminal Man","year":"1972","author":"Crichton M","key":"bibr10-10398560902952458"},{"key":"bibr11-10398560902952458","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Psychosurgery and Society: A Symposium Organized by the Neuropsychiatric Institute, Sydney, Australia","author":"Crow H","year":"1977"},{"volume-title":"Tharunka (Student Newspaper)","year":"1971","author":"This Week: Anti-Psychiatry","key":"bibr12-10398560902952458"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr13-10398560902952458","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1974.tb70863.x"},{"unstructured":"14. 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