{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:51:52Z","timestamp":1787313112738,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/policies-text-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry"],"DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2026.2714239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:44:48Z","timestamp":1787201088000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Review of the Implementation of the USEPA Quality-Corrective Direction Performance Approach into Molecular Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry Assays"],"prefix":"10.1080","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4000-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"Tondeur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"It\u2019s About Purpose, LLC","place":["Carolina Beach, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook \u2013 Strategies and Tools for Building a Learning Organization, A Currency Book","author":"Senge P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Senge, P.; Kleiner, A.; Roberts, C.; Ross, R.B.; Smith, B.J. The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook \u2013 Strategies and Tools for Building a Learning Organization, A Currency Book, Published by Doubleday, New York, NY, 1994 [ISBN: 0-385-47256-0]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Sustainable Quality Improvements for Isotope Dilution in Molecular Ultratrace Analyses \u2013 Fitness for Purpose, Performance-Based Criteria, and Measurement Uncertainty","author":"Tondeur Y.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tondeur, Y. Sustainable Quality Improvements for Isotope Dilution in Molecular Ultratrace Analyses \u2013 Fitness for Purpose, Performance-Based Criteria, and Measurement Uncertainty; Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands; London, United Kingdom; Cambridge, MA, United States; April 2024. [ISBN: 978-0-443-29034-3]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Thompson M.; Ellison S. R.; Fajgelj A.; Willetts P.; Wood R. Harmonized Guidelines for the Use of Recovery Information in Analytical Measurement. in Resulting from the Symposium on Harmonisation of Quality Assurance Systems for Analytical Laboratories ISO and AOAC International; Orlando USA 4\u20135. September 1996 held under the sponsorship of IUPAC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"Ellison S. L. R.; Rosslein M.; Williams A. Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement. in EURACHEM\/CITAC Guide CG 4 second ed. 2000 [ISBN 0-948926-15-5]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"As per the USEPA Forum on Environmental Measurements (FEM). \u201crational as opposed to empirical means that the analytical results are not intended to be method dependent. A rational method of analysis is a method that determines one or more identifiable chemicals or analytes for which there may be several equivalent methods of analysis available. Empirical methods determine a value that can be arrived at only in terms of the method per se and serves by definition as the only method for establishing the measurand.\u201d Method 1613 is considered empirical because many known sources of bias remain uncorrected by convention. For further information on this topic please see \u201cThe Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods: A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics.\u201d EURACHEM LGC (Teddington) Ltd.: Middlesex United Kingdom 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"Method 1613: Tetra- Through Octachlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC\/HRMS, Office of Water","author":"USEPA","year":"1997","unstructured":"USEPA. Method 1613: Tetra- Through Octachlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC\/HRMS, Office of Water, EAD, Washington, DC, October 1997, Revision B."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"USEPA. Method 8290 Revision A: Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography\/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry HRGC\/HRMS January 1998. The original version dated 1986. This version was officially promulgated in September 1994 as part of Update II to the SW-846 Compendium."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Isotope Dilution. True\u2009=\u2009each target analyte has its own corresponding labeled form; Stable = 13C-labeled standards more stable than deuterium-labeled when exchange reactions are possible; Comprehensive\u2009=\u2009All target analytes in the initial calibration have their own labeled forms."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"USEPA. Method 1668A Interlaboratory Validation Study Report U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Office of Science and Technology Engineering and Analysis Division (4303T) 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC 20460; EPA-821-R-08-021 2008; see also Addendum to the Method 1668A Interlaboratory Validation Study Report March 2010 Pub. Number EPA-820-R-10-003."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","unstructured":"The 2023 revised version of USEPA Method 23 for stack emission samples could not be used to regulate certain categories of sources for PCBs and PAHs."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency [FRL\u20135903\u20132] Performance Based Measurement System Notice of intent; Federal Register\/Vol. 62 No. 193\/Monday October 6 1997\/Notices pp 52098\u201352100."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"The Agency reemphasized the flexible approach in method selection with the publication of the Methods Innovation Rule MIR Fed. Regist. Vol. 70 No. 113; June 14 2005; EPA 40 CFR Parts 63 268 et al.; Waste Management System; Testing & Monitoring Activities; Final Rule: Methods Innovation Rule and SW-846 Final Update IIIB; Final Rule; Federal Register\/Vol. 70 No. 113\/Tuesday June 14 2005 Rules and Regulations."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency. [EPA\u2013HQ\u2013ORD; FRL\u20138930\u20133] Flexible Approaches to Environmental Measurement\u2014The Evolution of the Performance Approach. Federal Register\/Vol. 74 No. 139\/Wednesday July 22 2009\/Noticespp36198\u201336200."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Forum on Environmental Measurements - Flexible Approaches to Environmental Measurement - webinar series \u2013 question\/answer summary September 23 2010: Flexible Approaches to Environmental Measurement Webinar Series - Question\/Answer Summary. Additional resources provided by the FEM are available from the USEPA website."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"The Validation and Peer Review of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Methods of Analysis prepared for the EPA Forum on Environmental Measurements by the FEM Method Validation Team FEM Document Number 2005-01 October 14 2005 REVISION: February 3 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","unstructured":"Policy to assure the competency of organizations conducting environmental information operations and generating environmental information under agency-funded assistance agreements Agency Policy Directive Number FEM-2012-02 Revision 1 \u2013 Approved: March 13 2013; Updated: December 21 2016 Updated: August 25 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance on Assessing Quality Systems-EPA QA\/G-3 Office of Environmental Information EPA\/240\/R-03\/002March 2003 Washington DC 20460."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","unstructured":"USEPA IT\/IM Directive Policy. Quality Assurance Project Plan Standard Directive No: CIO 2105-S-02.1 issued by the EPA Chief Information Officer (Rev. 08\/21\/2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","unstructured":"USEPA. IT\/IM Directive Policy Environmental Information Quality Policy Directive No: CIO 2105.4 issued by the EPA Chief Information Officer (Rev. 08\/21\/2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","unstructured":"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). PBMS Implementation Plan October 9 1998 (revision 1). A Cooperative Effort Among: OSW OERR OUST TIO FFRRO and CEPPO (USEPA Archive Document). OSWER is now the Office of Land and Emergency Management."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"USEPA. Office of Environmental Information Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives Process EPA QA\/G-4 EPA\/600\/R-96\/055 August 2000: \u201cProject\/Program data quality objectives are qualitative and quantitative statements that clarify the intended use of the data define the type of data needed to support the decision identify the conditions under which data should be collected and specify tolerable limits on the probability of making a decision error because of uncertainty in the data (if applicable).\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c01955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c05886"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","unstructured":"AMC. Proficiency Testing: Assessing z-Scores in the Longer Term Analytical Methods CommitteeTechnical Brief AMCTB No16 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","unstructured":"Comparable Fuels Final Rule. 63 FR 33782 June 19 1998 (USEPA Archive Document)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"A report recently published online lists 2 3 7 8-TCDD results in a wastewater sample as non-detect (ND) with an RL of 10\u2009pg\/L. Notably no EDL or MDL was provided. Furthermore the laboratory control spike results exceeded recovery ranges. In the context of ID-MS these failed control samples do not necessarily indicate inaccurate test sample data; conversely inaccurate data can occur even with passing controls (see Chapter 6 of Ref. 2). Additionally the current MDL framework is flawed. For example a method blank reported as ND at an RL of 10\u2009pg\/L may mask actual contamination (e.g. 9\u2009pg\/L) depending on extraction standard recovery (see Ref. 35 in Part 2 for details)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","unstructured":"Nardi S.; Bednarek J See for instance. Addendum 3 to Quality Assurance Project Plan: Freshwater Fish Contaminant Monitoring Program 2023: Spokane River Publication 23-03-110 2023; Washington State Department of Ecology Olympia."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","unstructured":"Counterproductive practices. In an enfolded performance environment conducting a \u201cconfirmation\u201d analysis for 2 3 7 8-TCDF on a 30-m DB-225 GC column is redundant. The term is a misnomer as the original column lacks the necessary isomer selectivity for this analyte. While many laboratories currently report more precise concentrations from higher-performing columns under PBMS they often continue to perform the \u201cconfirmatory\u201d analysis unnecessarily. Under an enfolded performance approach this practice is counterproductive and is often driven by concerns regarding compliance with purportedly flexible methods. Another high-cost low-value practice is the requirement for expensive quarterly MDL studies for both columns and any method modifications. These requirements persist despite the existence of demonstrably more cost-effective and powerful performance-based alternatives. Such practices ignore the fundamental purpose of the performance-based approach and hinder progress in the field."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","unstructured":"EPA Method 23. Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from Stationary Sources. Federal Register\/Vol. 88 No. 53\/Monday March 20 2023\/Rules and Regulations pp16732\u2013 16774. Note that the title does not include PCBs and PAHs which are part of this Final Rule (i.e. title used in the rule was not updated)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"USEPA 40 CFR Part 136 [EPA\u2013HQ\u2013OW\u20132022\u20130901; FRL 9346\u201302\u2013 OW] RIN 2040\u2013AG25 Clean Water Act Methods Update Rule for the Analysis of Effluent Federal Register\/Vol. 89 No. 74\/Tuesday April 16 2024\/Rules and Regulations pp. 27288\u201327327."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"SGS AXYS. Method ATM 16130 (ATP Case No. NlB-0003) \u201cDetermination of 2 3 7 8-Substituted Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs\/CDFs) using Waters and Agilent Gas Chromatography-Tandem-Mass Spectrometry (GC\/MS\/MS).\u201d See also: Pace Analytical Method PAM-16130-SSI (ATP Case No. N21-0001) \u201cDetermination of 2 3 7 8-Substituted Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs\/CDFs) using Shimadzu Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS\/MS) Revision 1.1.\u201d 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2026.2713115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","unstructured":"USEPA. Definition and procedure for the determination of the method detection limit in: Appendix B to Part 136 49 F.R. 43430 Oct. 261984; 50 F.R. 694 696. Jan. 41985 as Amended at 51 F.R. 23703 June 30 1986. For a recent version see: USEPA Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit in: Revision 2; Office of Water EPA 821-R-16-006 December 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2025.2586848"}],"container-title":["Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10408347.2026.2714239","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/10408347.2026.2714239","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10408347.2026.2714239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:45:07Z","timestamp":1787201107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10408347.2026.2714239"}},"subtitle":["Part 1 \u2013 State of Affairs"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10408347.2026.2714239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408347.2026.2714239","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8347","1547-6510"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8347","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-6510","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}}}