{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:38:32Z","timestamp":1792708712834,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004420","name":"United Nations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although it is well\u2010established that macrophages can occur in distinct activation states, the molecular characteristics of differentially activated macrophages, and particularly those of alternatively activated macrophages (aaM\u03c6), are still poorly unraveled. Recently, we demonstrated that the expression of FIZZ1 and Ym is induced in aaM\u03c6 as compared with classically activated macrophages (caM\u03c6), elicited <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> or developed <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> during infection with <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei brucei<\/jats:italic>. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of FIZZ1 and Ym in caM\u03c6 and aaM\u03c6 elicited during <jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic> infection and show that the use of FIZZ1 and Ym for the identification of aaM\u03c6 is not limited to <jats:italic>T. b. brucei<\/jats:italic> infection and is independent of the organ sources from which macrophages are obtained. We also demonstrate that FIZZ1 can be used to discriminate between different populations of aaM\u03c6. Furthermore, we studied the effects of various stimuli, and combinations thereof, on the expression of FIZZ1 and Ym in macrophages from different mouse strains and demonstrate that regulation of the expression of FIZZ1 and Ym in macrophages is not dependent on the mouse strain. Finally, we show that these genes can be used to monitor the macrophage activation status without the need to obtain pure macrophage populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/1044667031000137629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,28]],"date-time":"2003-08-28T22:42:16Z","timestamp":1062110536000},"page":"151-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["FIZZ1 and Ym as Tools to Discriminate between Differentially Activated Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Geert","family":"Raes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Beschin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Brys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"de Baetselier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gh. Gholamreza","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2002\/684810.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/1044667031000137629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T20:49:33Z","timestamp":1723063773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/1044667031000137629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/1044667031000137629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1044667031000137629","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-8861","2314-7156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}