{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T22:16:56Z","timestamp":1771366616716,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10447310902963944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]],"date-time":"2009-08-14T03:56:03Z","timestamp":1250222163000},"page":"506-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Computer Games Through Real-Time Anxiety-Based Affective Feedback"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Changchun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pramila","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nilanjan","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"301","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade, G., Ramalho, G., Santana, H. and Corruble, V. Challenge-sensitive action selection: An application to game balancing. Paper presented at the IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology Compi\u00e8gne. France.","DOI":"10.1109\/IAT.2005.52"},{"key":"CIT0002","unstructured":"Asha, K., Ajay, K., Naznin, V., George, T. and Peter, F. D. Gesture-based affective computing on motion capmture data. Paper presented at the Int. Conf. on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII). Beijing, China."},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2003.10057","volume-title":"Real time face detection and facial expression recognition: development and applications to human computer interaction","author":"Bartlett M. S.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1977.tb01195.x","volume":"14","author":"Bloom J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"CIT0005","first-page":"602","volume-title":"Handbook of psychophysiology","author":"Bradley M. M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0006","volume-title":"Classification and regression trees","author":"Breiman L.","year":"1984"},{"issue":"11","key":"CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025631307585","volume":"36","author":"Brown R. M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1232743.1232769"},{"issue":"7","key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/08839510290030390","volume":"16","author":"Conati C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.911197"},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Principles of psychophysiology: Physical, social, and inferential elements","author":"Dawson M. E.","year":"1990"},{"key":"CIT0012","volume-title":"Online coevolution for action games","author":"Demasi P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992253"},{"key":"CIT0014","unstructured":"Gilleade, K. M. and Allanson, J. June 2003.A toolkit for exploring affective interface adaptation in videogames, June, 22\u201327. Crete, Greece. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum: Paper presented at the HCI International 2003."},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1067343.1067372","volume-title":"Using frustration in the design of adaptive videogames","author":"Gilleade K. M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0016","unstructured":"Gilleade, K., Dix, A. and Allanson, J. Affective videogames and modes of affective gaming: Assist me, challenge me, emote me. Proceedings of DIGRA 2005. June2005, Vancouver, Canada. pp.16\u201320."},{"key":"CIT0017","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Challenges in Game Artificial Intelligence AAAI Workshop","author":"Hunicke R.","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1066677.1066741","volume-title":"Adaptive and fault tolerant medical vest for life critical medical monitoring","author":"Jafari R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344719"},{"key":"CIT0020","volume-title":"Theory of fun for game design","author":"Koster R.","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088702900203","volume":"29","author":"Kramer A. F.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263574706002955"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1419197"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1109\/TSA.2004.838534","volume":"13","author":"Lee C. M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing"},{"issue":"5","key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2004.06.002","volume":"28","author":"Leon E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Computers & Graphics-Uk"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2006.06.001","volume":"20","author":"Leon E.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1145\/1077246.1077257","volume":"3","author":"Magerkurth C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"ACM Computers in Entertainment"},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.11.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0029","volume":"6","author":"Nasoz F.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognition, Technology, and Work\u2014Special Issue on Presence"},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.59.2.178"},{"key":"CIT0031","first-page":"883","volume-title":"The human-computer interaction handbook: Fundamentals, evolving technologies and emerging applications","author":"Pagulayan R. J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2967-5_14","volume-title":"Funology: From usability to enjoyment","author":"Pagulayan R. J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026999396380123"},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/e526112012-054","volume-title":"Affective computing","author":"Picard R. W.","year":"1997"},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2006.10.004"},{"key":"CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2004.11.009"},{"key":"CIT0037","volume-title":"Psychophysiology based affective communication for implicit human-robot interaction","author":"Rani P.","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-006-0025-y"},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263574703005319"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263574702004484"},{"key":"CIT0041","volume-title":"Video game industry","author":"RocResearch","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(99)00036-7","volume":"33","author":"Rohrmann S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"CIT0043","volume-title":"Affective gaming. Measuring emotion through the gamepad","author":"Sykes J.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-006-6205-6","volume":"63","author":"Spronck P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0045","volume":"11","author":"Stokes B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Development Education Journal"},{"key":"CIT0046","volume-title":"Minimally-Invasive physiological sensing for human-aware interfaces","author":"Sung M.","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1077246.1077253","volume":"3","author":"Sweetser P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Computers in Entertainment"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1109\/3516.951364","volume":"6","author":"Tan H. Z.","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE-ASME Transactions on Mechatronics"},{"key":"CIT0049","volume-title":"Statistical learning theory","author":"Vapnik V.","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088702900205","volume":"29","author":"Vicente K. J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0051","first-page":"480","volume":"82","author":"Vijayakumar S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00053.x","volume":"12","author":"Watts J. M. J.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"CIT0053","volume-title":"CHI 2005 Workshop on Innovative Approaches to Evaluating Affective Interfaces","author":"Wiberg C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2004.20","volume-title":"Fibre-meshed transducers based real time wearable physiological information monitoring system","author":"Wijesiriwardana R.","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2006.08.007"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10447310902963944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:34:45Z","timestamp":1558485285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10447310902963944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10447310902963944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447310902963944","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-7318","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-7590","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]}}}