{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:48:25Z","timestamp":1779295705668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2014S1A3A2038108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2014S1A3A2038108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2016.1150643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T14:38:29Z","timestamp":1455115109000},"page":"373-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Exploring the Effect of Avatar Trust on Learners\u2019 Perceived Participation Intentions in an e-Learning Environment"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Seong Wook","family":"Chae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun Chang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Wook","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.12.1.1.9720"},{"key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/JEC1086-4415140404"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2005.00454.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0004","first-page":"87","volume":"46","author":"Alshare K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v4i2.149","volume":"4","author":"Anderson T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning"},{"key":"CIT0006","volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"CIT0007","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of human behavior","volume":"4","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0148"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0009","volume":"15","author":"Baylor A. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"key":"CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/V0WQ-NWGN-JB54-FAT4"},{"key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/JEC1086-4415150401"},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2008.00322.x"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2002.11045715","volume":"19","author":"Bhattacherjee A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249489"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700307"},{"key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249669"},{"key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2004.12.003"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/355112.355123"},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2697.001.0001","volume-title":"Embodied Conversational Agents","author":"Cassell J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0020","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Modern methods for business research","author":"Chin W. W.","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.14.2.189.16018"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0022","first-page":"136","volume":"2","author":"Collis B.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Computers in Adult Education and Training"},{"key":"CIT0023","volume-title":"Quasi-Exprimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings","author":"Cook T. D.","year":"1979"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.2307\/20650308","volume":"33","author":"Cyr D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"CIT0025","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Research in organizational behavior","author":"Daft R. L.","year":"1984"},{"key":"CIT0026","volume-title":"Selected papers from the 17th World Congress of the International Council for Distance Education (Vol. 2)","author":"Dillon C. L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142770"},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1251829"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3233\/HSM-2011-0752","volume":"30","author":"Eom S. B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Systems Management"},{"key":"CIT0030","volume-title":"A premier for soft modeling","author":"Falk R. F.","year":"1992"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3151312"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2419.2010.00349.x"},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2979\/ESJ.2003.2.2.7"},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2004.01.006"},{"key":"CIT0035","volume-title":"User embodiments in educational CVEs: Towards continuous presence. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the International Conference on Network Entities (NETIES \u201898)","author":"Gerhard M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0036","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Handbook of research for educational communications and technology","author":"Gunawardena C. N.","year":"2004","edition":"2"},{"key":"CIT0037","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","author":"Hair J. F. J.","year":"2009","edition":"7"},{"key":"CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-68716-5_50","volume-title":"Toward a unification of human\u2013computer learning and tutoring","author":"Hamburger H.","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.11.018"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.07.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0041","first-page":"48","volume":"84","author":"Hemp P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"CIT0042","first-page":"12(1), 88","author":"Hendaoui A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Computing"},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.70.4.19"},{"key":"CIT0044","volume-title":"Design of the server cluster to support avatar migration","author":"Huang J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0291"},{"key":"CIT0046","first-page":"47","volume":"11","author":"Johnson W. L.","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0047","first-page":"35","volume":"33","author":"Jonassen D. H.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Educational Technology"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14703290252934603"},{"issue":"12","key":"CIT0049","volume":"64","author":"Kang H.-S.","journal-title":"(2006). The visual characteristics of avatars in computer-mediated communication: Comparison of internet relay chat and instant messenger as of 2003. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Studies"},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2008.12.015"},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/266996"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2013.839904"},{"key":"CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2012.687664"},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1060.0107"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327744JOCE1002_3"},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.06.014"},{"key":"CIT0057","first-page":"92","volume":"9","author":"Lee H. S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Design"},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.417"},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249596"},{"key":"CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.0062"},{"key":"CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-006-8252-x"},{"key":"CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2011.04.004"},{"key":"CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/258792"},{"key":"CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256727"},{"key":"CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.82.2.189"},{"key":"CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.13.3.334.81"},{"key":"CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.2011.00317.x"},{"key":"CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576050200040501"},{"key":"CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923648909526645"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0070","first-page":"298","volume":"12","author":"Morrison R.","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0071","first-page":"80","volume":"53","author":"Morrison R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Information Systems"},{"key":"CIT0072","volume-title":"Applied Statistics","author":"Neter J.","year":"1993","edition":"4"},{"key":"CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.323.5910.62"},{"key":"CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603322761289"},{"key":"CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.tb00308.x"},{"key":"CIT0076","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally J. C.","year":"1994","edition":"3"},{"key":"CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-6989(02)00004-8"},{"key":"CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839510590910147"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2307\/25148814","volume":"31","author":"Petter S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3250989"},{"key":"CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15389286ajde1904_4"},{"key":"CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222250405"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2307\/20650285","volume":"33","author":"Qureshi I.","year":"2009","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00309.x"},{"key":"CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-8687(02)00021-5"},{"key":"CIT0086","volume-title":"SmartPLS (Version 2.0 M3)","author":"Ringle C. M.","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0087","volume-title":"Second Life: The official guide","author":"Rymaszewski, M., Au, W. J., Wallace, M., Winters, C., Ondrejka, C., &amp; Batstone-Cunningham B.","year":"2007"},{"key":"CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1993.73.2.563"},{"key":"CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0277-9"},{"key":"CIT0090","volume-title":"Show me or tell me: Designing avatars for feedback","author":"Scott M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTMKT.2007.014791"},{"key":"CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2011.552060"},{"key":"CIT0093","volume-title":"The social psychology of telecommunications","author":"Short J.","year":"1976"},{"issue":"23","key":"CIT0094","first-page":"429","volume":"22","author":"Sims J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2006.00049.x"},{"key":"CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.9.2.160"},{"key":"CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.41.8.1328"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2307\/23042805","volume":"35","author":"Suh K. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"CIT0099","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Chat communication","author":"Suler J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2011.11.001"},{"key":"CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.10.006"},{"key":"CIT0102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.03.005"},{"key":"CIT0103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(02)00045-3"},{"key":"CIT0104","volume-title":"Electronic commerce: A managerial perspective","author":"Turban E.","year":"2006","edition":"4"},{"key":"CIT0105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.02.019"},{"key":"CIT0106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/EC.48.4.a"},{"key":"CIT0107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/257034"},{"key":"CIT0108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.09.024"},{"key":"CIT0109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2007.00299.x"},{"key":"CIT0110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3250922"},{"key":"CIT0111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/986213.986216"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10447318.2016.1150643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T06:26:35Z","timestamp":1600151195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10447318.2016.1150643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10447318.2016.1150643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2016.1150643","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-7318","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-7590","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=hihc20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=hihc20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"}]}}