{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T12:32:47Z","timestamp":1781353967856,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Interactive Learning Environments"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10494820902809147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,27]],"date-time":"2009-04-27T14:46:58Z","timestamp":1240843618000},"page":"231-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["The impact of course duration on the development of a community of inquiry"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zehra","family":"Akyol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norm","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Randy","family":"Garrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","first-page":"3","volume":"12","author":"Akyol Z.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"key":"CIT0002","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Anderson T.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"key":"CIT0003","volume":"9","author":"Arbaugh J. B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning"},{"key":"CIT0004","unstructured":"Ertmer, P. A. and Stepich, D. A. Examining the relationship between higher-order learning and students' perceived sense of community in an online learning environment. Paper presented at the proceedings of the10th Australian World Wide Web Conference. Gold Coast, Australia."},{"key":"CIT0005","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of distance and online learning","author":"Garrison D. R."},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203166093"},{"key":"CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-7516(00)00016-6"},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923640109527071"},{"key":"CIT0010","first-page":"61","volume":"8","author":"Garrison D. R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Network"},{"key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2005.11.001"},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203892985.ch2"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02940928"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2006.00620.x"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2006.11.002"},{"key":"CIT0016","first-page":"7","volume":"15","author":"McKlin T.","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Distance Education"},{"key":"CIT0017","first-page":"55","volume":"7","author":"Meyer K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"key":"CIT0018","first-page":"101","volume":"8","author":"Meyer K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0007-1013.2004.00401.x"},{"key":"CIT0020","volume-title":"Collaborating online: Learning together in community","author":"Palloff R. M.","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0021","first-page":"119","volume":"7","author":"Pawan F.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Language Learning and Technology"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2006.08.003"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-7516(02)00130-6"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2006.06.005"},{"key":"CIT0026","first-page":"35","volume":"10","author":"Shea P. J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Network"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2007.02.002"},{"key":"CIT0028","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research \u2013 Grounded theory procedures and techniques","author":"Strauss A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"CIT0029","volume-title":"Elements of quality online education","volume":"3","author":"Swan K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT0030","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Swan K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"E-Mentor"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2006.00557.x"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2004.11.001"}],"container-title":["Interactive Learning Environments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10494820902809147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T00:23:29Z","timestamp":1481675009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10494820902809147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10494820902809147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820902809147","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-4820","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-5191","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}