{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:01:29Z","timestamp":1790402489873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2023.2285960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T08:45:09Z","timestamp":1700729109000},"page":"921-939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Global Outlook on Child Sexual Abuse and Sexually Explicit Material Online During COVID-19: Trends and Interdisciplinary Prevention Methods"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Anillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"No one noticed, no one heard: A study of disclosures of childhood abuse","author":"Allnock D.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allnock, D., & Miller, P. (2013). No one noticed, no one heard: A study of disclosures of childhood abuse. National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"Apple. (2021 August). CSAM Detection: Technical Summary . https:\/\/www.apple.com\/child-safety\/pdf\/CSAM_Detection_Technical_Summary.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","unstructured":"Australian Center to Counter Child Exploitation. (n.d.). What is Online Child Sexual Exploitation? ACCCE. https:\/\/www.accce.gov.au\/help-and-support\/what-is-online-child-exploitation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"Inspire: Seven strategies for Ending Violence Against Children 1\u2013108","author":"Butchart A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Butchart, A., & Hillis, S. (2016). Inspire: Seven strategies for Ending Violence Against Children 1\u2013108. World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","unstructured":"Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. The COVID-19 Economy\u2019s Effects on Food Housing and Employment Hardships . https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/8-13-20pov.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022 August 16). CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline . https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/museum\/timeline\/covid19.html#:~:text=January%2031%2C%202020&text=The%20Secretary%20of%20the%20Department outbreak%20a%20public%20health%20emergency."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23738871.2017.1298643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","unstructured":"Child Rescue Coalition. (2022). About Us . https:\/\/childrescuecoalition.org\/about-us\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Christian K. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on victim serving agencies across Indiana. Indiana Criminal Justice Institute Research Division. https:\/\/www.in.gov\/cji\/grant-opportunities\/files\/REPORT_The-Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Victim-Serving-Agencies-Across-Indiana.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","unstructured":"Congressional Research Service. (2022). The fourth amendment and the internet: Legal limits on digital searches for child sexual abuse material (CSAM). https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/product\/pdf\/LSB\/LSB10713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/laws9040028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","unstructured":"Department of Homeland Security Fact Sheet: DHS Efforts to Combat Child Exploitation and Abuse. (2022). https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/news\/2022\/04\/05\/fact-sheet-dhs-efforts-combat-child-exploitation-and-abuse."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","unstructured":"Department of Justice. (2006). Project Safe Childhood . https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao-mdfl\/project-safe-childhood"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","volume-title":"Trends in online child sexual abuse material","author":"ECPAT International","year":"2018","unstructured":"ECPAT International. (2018). Trends in online child sexual abuse material."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"Europol. (2021). Exploiting Isolation: Offenders and Victims of Online Child Sexual Abuse During the COVID-19 Pandemic . https:\/\/www.europol.europa.eu\/publications-documents\/exploiting-isolation-offenders-and-victims-of-online-child-sexual-abuse-during-covid-19-pandemic"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11150-020-09526-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","unstructured":"INHOPE. (2020 November 26). Law Enforcement in the Fight Against Child Sexual Abuse Material - Part 3 . https:\/\/inhope.org\/EN\/articles\/law-enforcement-in-the-fight-against-child-sexual-abuse-material"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","unstructured":"INHOPE. (2021 September 6). What is the International Child Sexual Exploitation (ICSE) Database? https:\/\/inhope.org\/EN\/articles\/what-is-the-international-child-sexual-exploitation-icse-database#:~:text=Educational%20Articles- What%20is%20the%20International%20Child%20Sexual%20Exploitation%20(ICSE)%20Database%3F sexual%20abuse%20around%20the%20world."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","volume-title":"Measuring digital development facts and figures 2021","author":"International Telecommunication Union","year":"2021","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union. (2021). Measuring digital development facts and figures 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union. (2021). Measuring digital development facts and figures 2021. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-D\/Statistics\/Documents\/facts\/FactsFigures2021.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union. (2022 September 16). Internet surge slows leaving 2.7 billion people offline in 2022. IUT.INT. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/mediacentre\/Pages\/PR-2022-09-16-Internet-surge-slows.aspx#:~:text=New%20data%20from%20the%20International are%20now%20using%20the%20Internet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","unstructured":"International Trade Administration. (2021). Impact of COVID Pandemic on eCommerce. https:\/\/www.trade.gov\/impact-covid-pandemic-ecommerce"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"(In) visible children and Covid-19: human trafficking in public health ethics","author":"Kahambing J. G. S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kahambing, J. G. S. (2020). (In) visible children and Covid-19: human trafficking in public health ethics. Malim: Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara (SEA Journal of General Studies). 21.","journal-title":"Malim: Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara (SEA Journal of General Studies)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijsp.ijsp_38_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-020-00244-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","unstructured":"Levine B. N. (2022). Increasing the efficacy of investigations of online child sexual exploitation. https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5b7ea2794cde7a79e7c00582\/t\/6317425ef826c84ff2a967fd\/1662468705076\/Increasing+the+efficiency.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","unstructured":"National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. (2020). Rise in Online Enticement and Other Trends: NCMEC Releases 2020 Exploitation Stats . https:\/\/www.missingkids.org\/blog\/2021\/rise-in-online-enticement-and-other-trends\u2013ncmec-releases-2020-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","unstructured":"National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. (2021). Cybertipline data. https:\/\/www.missingkids.org\/gethelpnow\/cybertipline\/cybertiplinedata"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","unstructured":"National Response to Exploitation and sexual abuse of children in unaddressed emergencies act H.R 5884 117 th Cong. (2020). https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/house-bill\/5884?s=1&r=59#:~:text=This%20bill%20directs%20the%20Department abuse%20involving%20child%20sexual%20abuse"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","unstructured":"NetClean. (n.d.). Robust Hashing . https:\/\/www.netclean.com\/knowledge\/tech-for-good\/robust-hashing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","volume-title":"Economic impact of COVID-19 on PEPFAR countries","author":"Oum S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oum, S., Kates, J., & Wexler, A. (2022). Economic impact of COVID-19 on PEPFAR countries. KFF. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/global-health-policy\/issue-brief\/economic-impact-of-covid-19-on-pepfar-countries\/#:~:text=The%20toll%20the%20COVID%2D19,downturn%20since%20the%20Great%20Depression"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","unstructured":"Pak A. Adegboye O. A. Adekunle A. I. Rahman K. M. McBryde E. S. & Eisen D. P. (1AD January 1). Economic Consequences of the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Need for Epidemic Preparedness . Frontiers. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00241\/full"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-022-00440-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","unstructured":"Pornhub. (2020). Coronavirus update. https:\/\/www.pornhub.com\/insights\/coronavirus\u2010update\u2010june\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","unstructured":"PROTECT our children act H.R. 3845 110 th Cong. (2007) https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/house-bill\/3845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","volume-title":"Meta-tool for quality appraisal of public health evidence: PHO MetaQAT","author":"Rosella L. C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosella, L. C., Pach, B., Morgan, S., & Bowman, C. (2015). Meta-tool for quality appraisal of public health evidence: PHO MetaQAT. Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-020-09546-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-021-00710-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","unstructured":"Taddei L. (2020 May 13). Impact of COVID-19 on Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Online . WeProtect Global Alliance. https:\/\/www.weprotect.org\/library\/impact-of-covid-19-on-child-sexual-exploitation-online\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","unstructured":"USAFacts. (2020 December10). Impact of Pandemic on Children\u2019s Education . https:\/\/owl.purdue.edu\/owl\/research_and_citation\/apa_style\/apa_formatting_and_style_guide\/reference_list_electronic_sources.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","unstructured":"U. S. Sentencing Commission. (2021). Federal Sentencing of Child Pornography: Non-Production Offenses. https:\/\/www.ussc.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/research-and-publications\/research-publications\/2021\/20210629_Non-Production-CP.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","unstructured":"Wagner L. & Hoang T. (2020). Aggravating circumstances . Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. https:\/\/globalinitiative.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Aggravating-circumstances-How-coronavirus-impacts-human-trafficking-GITOC-1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","unstructured":"WeProtect Global Alliance. (2022). Voluntary Principles to Counter Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse . https:\/\/www.weprotect.org\/library\/voluntary-principles-to-counter-online-child-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","unstructured":"Women\u2019s Shelter\u2019s Canada. (2020 November). Special issue: The impact of COVID-19 on VAW shelters and transition houses. http:\/\/endvaw.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Shelter-Voices-2020-2.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Rising to the Proliferation of Cybercrime Challenging Law Enforcement Agencies across Europe","volume":"21","author":"Wright D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wright, D., Garstka, K., & Kumar, R. (2021). Rising to the Proliferation of Cybercrime Challenging Law Enforcement Agencies across Europe. Eur. L. Enf't Rsch. Bull, 21, 81.","journal-title":"Eur. L. Enf't Rsch. Bull"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2021-4-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Sexual Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10538712.2023.2285960","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T19:52:42Z","timestamp":1727207562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10538712.2023.2285960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10538712.2023.2285960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2023.2285960","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8712","1547-0679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8712","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=wcsa20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=wcsa20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2023-07-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-02","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}