{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:36:31Z","timestamp":1790231791407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,18]],"date-time":"2010-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3701,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Subtyping alcoholics may provide a more accurate guide as to the course and character of the disease. Classifications of different ages of onset of problem drinking have so far resulted in categorical inconsistencies. In the past, hospital\u2010based alcoholics have over\u2010represented those most severely ill, and comprehensive evaluations of psychopathology for discriminating between alcoholic subtypes have been infrequent. In a heterogeneous treatment\u2010seeking, outpatient, alcoholic population, we tested the hypothesis that age of onset represents a continuum of disease, and that greater severity of psychopathology is associated with lower ages of onset.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Using a standard questionnaire, 253 male and female treatment\u2010seeking alcoholics were stratified according to specific ages of onset: a) &lt;20 years; b) 20\u201325 years, and c) &gt;25 years. These age of onset groups were compared on alcohol severity and craving, family history, childhood behavior, personality, hostility, overt aggression, mood, and social functioning.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Symptom severity and age of onset were negatively correlated, and the 20\u201325\u2010year onset group usually had intermediate scores. The &lt;20 year onset group was characterized by greater severity of alcohol\u2010related problems, family history, childhood behavioral problems, craving, hostility, antisocial traits, mood disturbance, and poor social functioning.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Alcoholics with an earlier age of onset have relatively greater psychopathology than those of later onset. While the preponderance of psychopathology among those in the &lt;20\u2010year onset group could be conceptualized as a clinical \u201csubtype,\u201d such a characterization would not define an entirely homogenous category. Yet, this clinical characterization would be clinically important if specific age of onset levels were found to be differentially sensitive to pharmacological and\/or psychological treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490050172191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:32:26Z","timestamp":1027701146000},"page":"17-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Age of Onset as a Discriminator Between Alcoholic Subtypes in a Treatment\u2010Seeking Outpatient Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bankole A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Robert","family":"Cloninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Roache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Bordnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810030031004","article-title":"Age of alcoholism onset, I. Relationship to psychopathology","volume":"4","author":"Buydens\u2010Branchey M","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb24695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080017003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770190023002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1985.46.398"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2882604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780330019001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/14090-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1987.48.523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810160020003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00838.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1991.52.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5802_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I Disorders, Patient Edition (SCID\u2010I\/P, Version 2.0)","author":"First MB","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","volume-title":"Manual for the Comprehensive Drinker Profile","author":"Miller WR","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","volume-title":"Evaluating Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness: Recent Advances","author":"Sobell LC","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.127.12.1653"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","first-page":"493","article-title":"The validity of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening test (MAST)","volume":"29","author":"Stoorgaard H","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"The Michigan alcoholism screening test as a survey instrument","volume":"13","author":"Brady JP","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Oper Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02247375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430300308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(91)90053-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198507000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046900"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198809000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","volume-title":"EITS Manual for the Profile of Mood States","author":"McNair DM","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Measuring Human Problems","author":"Tyrer P","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","volume-title":"SAS Users Guide: Statistics","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.5.682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199801000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-139X(94)90258-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1300\/J023v03n03_03","article-title":"Is risk for alcoholism predictable? A probabilistic approach to a developmental program","volume":"3","author":"Zucker RA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Drugs and Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.7.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Recent Developments in Alcoholism, Alcohol and Violence: Epidemiology, Neurobiology, Psychology, Family Issues","author":"Vikkunen M","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.10.1468"}],"container-title":["The American Journal on Addictions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1080%2F10550490050172191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10550490050172191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T16:55:56Z","timestamp":1698771356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/10550490050172191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10550490050172191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10550490050172191","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-0496","1521-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-0496","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}}}