{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:22:57Z","timestamp":1789204977296,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]],"date-time":"2010-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3681,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Persons in drug treatment with drug dependence were interviewed with the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule to ascertain DSM\u2010III\u2010R disorders. Lifetime prevalence rates were 64% for alcohol dependence, 44% for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), 39% for phobic disorders, 24% for major depression, 12% for dysthymia, 10% for generalized anxiety disorder, 3% for panic disorder, 3% for mania, 3% for obsessive compulsive disorder, 2% for bulimia, 1% for schizophrenia, and 1% for anorexia. When stratified by race and age, significant main effects were seen, but there were no significant interactions except in \u201cany non\u2010substance disorder\u201d and in the mean number of non\u2010substance use disorders. Caucasians had a higher mean number of drug dependence disorders and higher overall rates of \u201cany other\u201d disorder than African\u2010Americans, and Caucasians and males had higher mean numbers of non\u2010substance use disorders than African\u2010Americans and females, respectively. This was related to rates of alcohol, cannabis, and hallucinogen dependence, and ASPD rates that were higher among men than women and higher among Caucasian respondents than African\u2010American for alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogen, opiate and sedative dependence, major depression, dysthymia, and generalized anxiety disorder. In contrast, women had higher rates than men of amphetamine dependence, phobic disorder, major depression, dysthymia, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and mania. African\u2010Americans had higher rates than Caucasians of amphetamine, cocaine, and phencyclidine dependence, but for no comorbid disorders were the rates higher among African\u2010Americans than Caucasians. The differences according to gender in rates of disorders among substance dependent persons are consistent with the results of general population surveys, but the differences in rates according to race are in contrast to these same community surveys. Limitations in the utility of the concept of race as a valid category diminish the generalizability of the findings; however, one possible explanation is differential treatment seeking in African\u2010American and Caucasian populations that would result in the differences seen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490050173181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:32:26Z","timestamp":1027701146000},"page":"113-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Substance Dependence and Other Psychiatric Disorders Among Drug Dependent Subjects: Race and Gender Correlates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Wilson M.","family":"Compton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda B.","family":"Cottler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arbi","family":"Ben Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Spitznagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026","article-title":"Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse, results from the epidemiologic catchment area (ECA) study","volume":"262","author":"Regier DA","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800350057008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1980.41.672"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999809001542"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30609-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952998609083740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290020027006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30610-5"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Psychopathology in substance abusers and their families","volume":"34","author":"Mirin SM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Resident & Staff Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790340028004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790340045007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"404","article-title":"Prevalence of additional psychiatric syndromes among male alcoholics","volume":"43","author":"Powell BJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.04390010030004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Psychiatric diagnosis and prediction of drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"43","author":"Croughan JL","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1986.10472349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826088809058842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810250045005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830130077015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","first-page":"470","article-title":"Treatment response in psychiatrically impaired drug abusers","volume":"32","author":"LaPorte DJ","year":"1981","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","unstructured":"SullivanLW.Drug abuse and drug abuse research. 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