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However, in liver disease, the corresponding enzyme is depressed. The resulting deficiencies can be attenuated by the administration of SAMe but not by methionine. Similarly, phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity is depressed, but the lacking phosphatidylcholine (PC) can be administrated as polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC). Chronic ethanol consumption increases CYP2E1, resulting in increased generation of toxic acetaldehyde and free radicals, tolerance to ethanol and other drugs, and multiple ethanol\u2010drug interactions. Experimentally, PPC opposes CYP2E1 induction and fibrosis. Alcoholism and hepatitis C infection commonly co\u2010exist, with acceleration of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. PPC is being tested clinically as a corresponding antifibrotic agent. Available antiviral agents are contraindicated in the alcoholic. Anti\u2010inflammatory agents, such as steroids, may be selectively useful. 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