{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T05:12:16Z","timestamp":1786252336766,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,18]],"date-time":"2010-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":778,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies of substance dependence typologies briefly show that multivariate systems originally developed for identifying subtypes of alcoholics, such as Babor's Type A and B system, may also be valid in abusers of other substances, such as cocaine. Type B patients are characterized by an earlier onset of addiction and more severe symptoms of their addiction, psychopathology, and impulsivity. The Type B classification has also been associated with deficits in serotonergic function. We have found that patients who exhibit more severe cocaine withdrawal symptoms, as measured by scores on the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA), have poor treatment outcome and share many characteristics with \u201cType B\u201d patients. In this paper, we review baseline characteristics of cocaine\u2010dependent patients from several recently completed outpatient cocaine dependence treatment trials to assess the association of cocaine withdrawal symptom severity and the Type B profile. Identifying subtypes of cocaine\u2010dependent patients may improve our ability to treat cocaine dependence by targeting treatments for specific subtypes of patients. We examined the ability of the CSSA scores to capture Type B characteristics in cocaine dependence by analyzing a series of cocaine medication trials that included 255 cocaine\u2010dependent subjects. High CSSA scores at baseline were associated with a history of violent behavior, a family history of substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, higher addiction severity, and co\u2010morbid psychiatric diseases. Patients with high CSSA scores are also more likely to meet criteria for Type B (Type II) cocaine dependence. Identifying Type B cocaine\u2010dependent patients may help to develop targeted psychosocial or pharmacological treatments for these difficult\u2010to\u2010treat patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701755999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T01:23:04Z","timestamp":1201137784000},"page":"60-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms Identify \u201cType B\u201d Cocaine\u2010Dependent Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jamshid","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Kampman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Dackis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorne","family":"Sparkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Pettinati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00011-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.15.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490490265389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080007002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2882604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01156-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02675.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"The use of selective serotonone reuptake inhibitors in treating alcoholic subtypes","volume":"62","author":"Pettinati HM","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00268-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-200403000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I Disorders\u2014Subject Edition","author":"First MB","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00171-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.8.963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199410000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199506000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.00992.x"}],"container-title":["The American Journal on Addictions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1080%2F10550490701755999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10550490701755999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T04:08:24Z","timestamp":1698725304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/10550490701755999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10550490701755999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10550490701755999","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-0496","1521-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-0496","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]]}}}