{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:03:12Z","timestamp":1779253392371,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic> The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and such recurrent infections (RVVC) has been difficult to study as the majority of episodes of these conditions are self\u2010treated by the women affected. In\nSweden, all pharmacies are owned by the state and all prescriptions and over\u2010the\u2010counter (OTC) products, such as antifungals, are registered in a database, which offers unique possibilities to study the epidemiology of VVC\/RVVC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives:<\/jats:italic> To analyze all prescriptions and OTC products purchased for therapy of VVC\/RVVC and to establish reasons for any observed variation in the sales figures.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> Sales figures in the Swedish county of Sk\u00e5ne of antifungal drugs for therapy of VVC\/RVVC were analyzed by the aid of the \u2018ACS\u2019 database of the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies for the years 1990\u20131999. The size of the female population in the county is approximately half a million.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> The study showed that 93% of all antifungal drugs for VVC\/RVVC were sold as OTC products. An increase in sales of the drugs occurred until mid\u20101993\/94, followed by a decrease until end of the study period in 1999. Demographic factors (e.g. the number of female inhabitants in the county, pharmacies and health\u2010care\nunits), the pregnancy rate and pharmacy\u2010dependent factors (such as the introduction of shelves for selfselection of antifungal products) did not explain the observed variations in sales. Distinct short\u2010term variations in the number of prescriptions of fluconazole and itraconazole could be explained by drugs company sales campaigns and logistics factors in drug distribution. The sales volumes in the 33 municipalities in the county correlated with the density of the population, which was not the case for the total number of prescriptions\nmade in the county during the 1990s. The variation in antifungal drug sales was similar to that of hormonal intrauterine devices, but this was not the case for oral contraceptives. The total Swedish usage of antibiotics showed a similar variation to that of the antifungal drugs analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> The study stresses the limited impact on the treatment of VVC\/RVVC by the medical community. Behavior\u2010related factors in the female population are the most likely explanation for the marked variations found in the usage of drugs for the two conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440400003972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,30]],"date-time":"2004-11-30T14:47:19Z","timestamp":1101826039000},"page":"99-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Usage of Antifungal Drugs for Therapy of Genital <i>Candida<\/i>Infections, Purchased as Over\u2010the\u2010Counter Products or by Prescription: 2. Factors that May have Influenced the Marked Changes in Sales Volumes During the 1990s"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Per-Anders","family":"M\u00e5rdh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"W\u00e5gstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Landgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Holm\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,24]]},"container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2004\/180512.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10647440400003972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T19:51:20Z","timestamp":1723060280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/10647440400003972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10647440400003972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10647440400003972","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-09-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}