{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:28:20Z","timestamp":1791264500545,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10673220600748486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,20]],"date-time":"2006-06-20T14:08:35Z","timestamp":1150812515000},"page":"152-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Side Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics: Extrapyramidal Symptoms and the Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Arshia A.","family":"Shirzadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nassir S.","family":"Ghaemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210129","first-page":"1","article-title":"A summary of research findings on the new antipsychotic drugs.","volume":"16","author":"Jibson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dir Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.2.286","article-title":"Clinical and theoretical implications of 5HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in schizophrenia.","volume":"156","author":"Kapur","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.7.1150","article-title":"V, Okamoto A, Napolitano J, Kane J M, Martinez R A. Low incidence of persistent tardive dyskinesia in elderly patients with dementia treated with risperidone.","volume":"157","author":"Jeste","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 11","key":"R4-3-20210129","first-page":"4","article-title":"Preclinical pharmacology of neuroleptics: focus on new generation compounds.","volume":"57","author":"Richelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01251-3","article-title":"Dopamine D(2) receptors and their role in atypical antipsychotic action: still necessary and may even be sufficient.","volume":"50","author":"Kapur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R7-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.6.553","article-title":"A positron emission tomography study of quetiapine in schizophrenia: a preliminary finding of an antipsychotic effect with only transiently high dopamine D2 receptor occupancy.","volume":"57","author":"Kapur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R9-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.07.013","article-title":"J, DeFronzo R A, Califf R M, Guyton J R. Metabolic syndrome: definition, pathophysiology, and mechanisms.","volume":"149","author":"Miranda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R11-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.00155.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies: the case of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder.","volume":"108","author":"Ghaemi S N, Soldani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R12-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113225","article-title":"Confounding: essence and detection.","volume":"114","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R14-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200102000-00007","article-title":"J, Reeves K, Harrigan E, Ziprasidone Study Group. Ziprasidone in the short-term treatment of patients with schizoaffective disorder: results from two double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies.","volume":"21","author":"Keck","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R17-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1A195","article-title":"S, Golden K A, Bahce A, Goodman C, Kwong W J, Khan Z M. Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction.","volume":"36","author":"Gregorian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"R18-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051688","article-title":"A, Stroup T S, McEvoy J P, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia.","volume":"353","author":"Lieberman","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"R19-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014189","article-title":"Dopamine- and serotonin-receptors in schizophrenia: results of imaging studies and implications for pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia.","volume":"249","author":"Kasper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R20-3-20210129","first-page":"390","article-title":"The ratios of serotonin-2 and dopamine-2 affinities differentiate atypical and typical antipsychotic drugs.","volume":"25","author":"Meltzer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"R21-3-20210129","first-page":"140","article-title":"Clozapine: clinical evidence of novel effects.","volume":"9","author":"Lieberman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"R22-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00190-X","article-title":"The Seroquel Trial 13 Study Group. Multiple fixed doses of Seroquel (quetiapine) in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a comparison with haloperidol and placebo.","volume":"42","author":"Arvanitis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"R23-3-20210129","first-page":"29","article-title":"Extrapyramidal side effects and tolerability of risperidone: a review.","volume":"55","author":"Owens","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.6.712","article-title":"Risperidone in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia: a multi-national, multi-center, double-blind, parallel-group study versus haloperidol. Risperidone Study Group.","volume":"166","author":"Peuskens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R25-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(98)00023-5","article-title":"New atypical antipsychotic medications.","volume":"32","author":"Jibson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"R28-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199819010-00005","article-title":"Managing antipsychotic-induced acute and tardive dystonia.","volume":"19","author":"Raja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"R29-3-20210129","first-page":"105","article-title":"Motor and mental aspects of extrapyramidal syndromes.","volume":"10","author":"Casey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R30-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1396","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of atypical and conventional antispychotic drugs in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol.","volume":"160","author":"Lieberman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R32-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01268.x","article-title":"Tolerability and therapeutic effect of clozapine: a retrospective investigation of 216 patients treated with clozapine for up to 12 years.","volume":"71","author":"Povlssen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R33-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709183371202","article-title":"A comparison of clozapine and haloperidol in hospitalized patients with refractory schizophrenia.","volume":"337","author":"Rosenheck","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R34-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0907","article-title":"S, Ghaemi S N. A naturalistic comparison of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder.","volume":"61","author":"Guille","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R35-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230490453103","article-title":"N, Hsu D J, Rosenquist K J, Katzow J J, Goodwin F K. Long-term observational comparison of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorder.","volume":"16","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R36-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.07.001","article-title":"S, Chamberlain W, Dhanani N, Paranjpe P, Carmody T J, Sargeant M. An open-label trial of olanzapine for corticosteroid-induced mood symptoms.","volume":"83","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R37-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.07.034","article-title":"D, McEvoy J P, Davis S M, et al. Clinical correlates of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: baseline data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial.","volume":"80","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"R38-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.3.265","article-title":"Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic psychiatric patients.","volume":"171","author":"Fenton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R39-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820210057007","article-title":"Identifying risk factors for tardive dyskinesia among long-term outpatients maintained with neuroleptic medications. Results of the Yale Tardive Dyskinesia Study.","volume":"50","author":"Morgenstern","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 9","key":"R40-3-20210129","first-page":"21","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia rates with atypical antipsychotics in older adults.","volume":"65","author":"Jeste","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R41-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00972.x","article-title":"A combined analysis of double-blind studies with risperidone vs. placebo and other antipsychotic agents: factors associated with extrapyramidal symptoms.","volume":"99","author":"Lemmens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R42-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.1.23","article-title":"Randomized double-blind comparison of the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia during long-term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol.","volume":"174","author":"Beasley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R43-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01595.x","article-title":"Lower incidence of tardive dyskinesia with risperidone compared with haloperidol in older patients.","volume":"47","author":"Jeste","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"R44-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679609076071","article-title":"Restlessness: the anatomy of a neuropsychiatric symptom.","volume":"30","author":"Sachdev","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R45-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199107000-00001","article-title":"The present status of akathisia.","volume":"179","author":"Sachdev","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R46-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(75)90019-X","article-title":"The many faces of akathisia.","volume":"16","author":"Van Putten","year":"1975","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R47-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1961.03040120016004","article-title":"A survey of drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions.","volume":"175","year":"1961","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R48-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790220026004","article-title":"Akathisia with haloperidol and thiothixene.","volume":"41","author":"Van Putten","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R49-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.3.336","article-title":"K, Andreasen N C. The relationship of akathisia with suicidality and depersonalization among patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"13","author":"Cem Atbasoglu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R50-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(91)90329-K","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of akathisia in patients on clozapine.","volume":"29","author":"Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R51-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198712000-00002","article-title":"The risks and benefits of clozapine versus chlorpromazine.","volume":"7","author":"Claghorn","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R53-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.1.79","article-title":"Olanzapine versus haloperidol treatment in first-episode psychosis.","volume":"156","author":"Sanger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R54-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00050-1","article-title":"Aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia: safety and tolerability in short-term, placebo-controlled trials.","volume":"61","author":"Marder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"R56-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379103600401","article-title":"Mortality in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia: a record linkage study.","volume":"36","author":"Newman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R57-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(92)90040-C","article-title":"Mortality in DSM-IIIR schizophrenia.","volume":"7","author":"Black","year":"1992","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"R58-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.6.502","article-title":"Excess mortality of schizophrenia.","volume":"171","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R59-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07782.x","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome X.","volume":"892","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R60-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.47.12.1356","article-title":"Mortality and medical co-morbidity among psychiatric patients: a review.","volume":"47","author":"Felker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R61-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.3.413","article-title":"Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia.","volume":"22","author":"Jeste","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"R62-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.3.212","article-title":"Causes of excess mortality of schizophrenia.","volume":"177","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R63-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.1.11","article-title":"Excess mortality of mental disorder.","volume":"73","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R64-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798008186","article-title":"The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia.","volume":"29","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R65-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.2.181","article-title":"Substance abuse in schizophrenia.","volume":"23","author":"Kosten","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"R66-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.6.565","article-title":"Quality of medical care and excess mortality in older patients with mental disorders.","volume":"58","author":"Druss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 8","key":"R68-3-20210129","first-page":"360","article-title":"Weight gain and antipsychotic medication.","volume":"61","author":"Blackburn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R69-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.16.1867","article-title":"Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framingham experience.","volume":"162","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R70-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801013380101","article-title":"The effect of age on the association between body mass index and mortality.","volume":"338","author":"Stevens","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"R71-3-20210129","first-page":"4","article-title":"Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities: implications for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"65","author":"Casey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R72-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101006416.x","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotics and weight gaina systematic review.","volume":"101","author":"Taylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"suppl 27","key":"R73-3-20210129","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effects of atypical antipsychotics on weight gain and serum lipids.","volume":"62","author":"Meyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R74-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1686","article-title":"Antipsychotic induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis.","volume":"156","author":"Allison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R75-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.6.817","article-title":"Differential effect of clozapine on weight: a controlled study.","volume":"153","author":"Bustillo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R76-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000084037.22282.a3","article-title":"The implications of weight changes with antipsychotic treatment.","volume":"23","author":"Sussman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"suppl 23","key":"R77-3-20210129","first-page":"5","article-title":"Review of atypical antipsychotics and weight gain.","volume":"62","author":"Sussman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R78-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0602","article-title":"Novel antipsychotic: a comparison of weight gain liabilities.","volume":"60","author":"Wirshing","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"R79-3-20210129","first-page":"11","article-title":"Antipsychotic-associated weight gain and clinical outcome parameters.","volume":"62","author":"Blin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"R80-3-20210129","first-page":"45","article-title":"Dosing the antipsychotic medication olanzapine.","volume":"58","author":"Nemeroff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R81-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/13651500050517849","article-title":"The long-term effect of quetiapine monotherapy on weight in patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"4","author":"Brecher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract"},{"key":"R82-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.1.4.783","article-title":"Review of quetiapine and its clinical applications in schizophrenia.","volume":"1","author":"Kasper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"R83-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199710000-00022","article-title":"Weight gain with risperidone.","volume":"17","author":"Brecher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R84-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa002028","article-title":"A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"346","author":"Csernansky","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"R85-3-20210129","first-page":"22","article-title":"Antipsychotic induced weight gain: a review of the literature.","volume":"62","author":"Allison","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R86-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0903","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and haloperidol versus placebo in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.","volume":"63","author":"Kane","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R87-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0204","article-title":"J, Basson B R, Gilmore J A, Tollefson G D. Long-term olanzapine treatment: weight change and weight-related health factors in schizophrenia.","volume":"62","author":"Kinon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R88-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000229)19:4<441::AID-SIM349>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Sample size considerations for the evaluation of prognostic factors in survival analysis.","volume":"19","author":"Schmoor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"R89-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.290","article-title":"Changes in glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics.","volume":"160","author":"Lindenmayer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R90-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.8.1270","article-title":"Clozapine-associated elevation in serum triglycerides.","volume":"156","author":"Gaulin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R91-3-20210129","first-page":"382","article-title":"Elevated serum triglycerides in clozapine resolve with risperidone.","volume":"15","author":"Ghaeli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"R92-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.11.1021","article-title":"An assessment of the independent effects of olanzapine and risperidone exposure on the risk of hyperlipidemia in schizophrenic patients.","volume":"59","author":"Koro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R93-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n1006","article-title":"Elevated levels of insulin, leptin, and blood lipids in olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia or related psychosis.","volume":"10","author":"Melkerson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R94-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200108000-00003","article-title":"Novel antipsychotics and severe hyperlipidemia.","volume":"21","author":"Meyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R95-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.1.19","article-title":"C, Cagliero E, Copeland P M, et al. Glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotic agents: a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis.","volume":"62","author":"Henderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R97-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.01.014","article-title":"The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: a comprehensive review.","volume":"70","author":"Meyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R98-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000142282.62336.e9","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotics and metabolic dysregulation: evaluating the riskbenefit equation and improving the standard of care.","volume":"24","author":"Nasrallah","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R99-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0507","article-title":"The apparent effects of ziprasidone on plasma lipids and glucose.","volume":"629","author":"Kingsbury","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R100-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.3.12.1773","article-title":"Aripiprazole: profile on efficacy and safety.","volume":"3","author":"Goodnick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"R101-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033504","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenic samples.","volume":"26","author":"Dixon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"R102-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(96)90054-1","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in schizophrenic patients.","volume":"37","author":"Mukherjee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R103-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.9.1417","article-title":"Elevated frequency of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized manic-depressive patients.","volume":"156","author":"Cassidy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R104-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0402","article-title":"The distribution of body mass index among individuals with and without schizophrenia.","volume":"60","author":"Allison","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R105-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02603.x","article-title":"Too many chronic mentally disabled patients are too fat.","volume":"72","author":"Gopalaswamy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R106-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1751","article-title":"Smoking habits, current symptoms, and premorbid characteristics of schizophrenic patients in Nithsdale, Scotland.","volume":"156","author":"Kelly","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R107-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1922.02190140075007","article-title":"Sugar tolerance in dementia praecox and other mental disorders.","volume":"8","author":"Lorenz","year":"1922","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R108-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.102.1.108","article-title":"Delayed action of insulin in schizophrenia.","volume":"102","author":"Braceland","year":"1945","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R109-3-20210129","first-page":"189","article-title":"The insulin tolerance test in mental disorders.","volume":"80","author":"Langfeldt","year":"1952","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"R110-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1946.02300180084007","article-title":"Resistance to insulin in mentally disturbed soldiers.","volume":"56","author":"Freeman","year":"1945","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R112-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90183-2","article-title":"Persistent tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic effects on glucose tolerance.","volume":"29","author":"Muhkerjee","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"R113-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.561","article-title":"Association of diabetes mellitus with the use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia.","volume":"159","author":"Sernyak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R114-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.4.337","article-title":"Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia.","volume":"59","author":"Newcomer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R115-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01000-2","article-title":"Clozapine-associated diabetes.","volume":"111","author":"Koller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Medicine"},{"key":"R116-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.22.11.841.33629","article-title":"Olanzapine-associated diabetes.","volume":"22","author":"Koller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"R117-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.6.735.32178","article-title":"Risperidone-associated diabetes mellitus: a pharmacovigilance study.","volume":"23","author":"Koller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"R118-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/10401230209147399","article-title":"Phenomenology of and risk factors for new onset diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis associated with atypical antipsychotics: an analysis of 45 published cases.","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R119-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0114b","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia in psychiatric patients treated with olanzapine.","volume":"63","author":"Cohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R122-3-20210129","first-page":"596","article-title":"Diabetes C","volume":"27","year":"2004","journal-title":"are"}],"container-title":["Harvard Review of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00023727-200605000-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:45:08Z","timestamp":1785858308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00023727-200605000-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10673220600748486","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-3229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-3229","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}}}