{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:31:00Z","timestamp":1773282660474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":225,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10673220802069764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,16]],"date-time":"2008-04-16T03:16:58Z","timestamp":1208315818000},"page":"80-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pediatric Obesity: Parallels with Addiction and Treatment Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Acosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Manubay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances R.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210129","first-page":"19","article-title":"Defining overweight in children using growth charts.","volume":"5","author":"Ogden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Md Med"},{"key":"R2-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.S2.518","article-title":"Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease.","volume":"101","author":"Dietz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R3-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000019555.61092.9E","article-title":"Cardiovascular health in childhood: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young (AHOY) of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association.","volume":"106","author":"Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R4-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.7.632","article-title":"Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of childhood obesity in pediatric practice.","volume":"159","author":"Dorsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R5-3-20210129","first-page":"2591","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of overweight in children and adolescents.","volume":"69","author":"Fowler-Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R8-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.23.2847","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002.","volume":"291","author":"Hedley","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R9-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1728","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000.","volume":"288","author":"Ogden","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R10-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.4.385","article-title":"Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for overweight in adolescence.","volume":"158","author":"Patrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R11-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.57.4.443","article-title":"Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity Ad Hoc Committee to Review the Ten-State Nutrition Survey.","volume":"57","author":"Garn","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R12-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197607012950102","article-title":"Childhood antecedents of adult obesity. Do chubby infants become obese adults.","volume":"295","author":"Charney","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R13-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.12.1595","article-title":"Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease.","volume":"37","author":"Reaven","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R14-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(03)00074-4","article-title":"Epidemiologic trends in overweight and obesity.","volume":"32","author":"Ogden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"R15-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.12.3383","article-title":"Understanding obesity in youth. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Atherosclerosis and Hypertension in the Young of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association. Writing Group.","volume":"94","author":"Gidding","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R16-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.8.821","article-title":"Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.","volume":"157","author":"Cook","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R17-3-20210129","first-page":"487","article-title":"Insulin resistance in childhood obesity.","volume":"15","author":"Caprio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R18-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-9813(00)00070-9","article-title":"Insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in the pediatric patient.","volume":"12","author":"Steinberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R19-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031049","article-title":"Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.","volume":"350","author":"Weiss","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R20-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(00)00428-4","article-title":"Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: nutrition and athletic performance.","volume":"100","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R21-3-20210129","first-page":"19","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes in children: clinical aspects and risk factors.","volume":"57","author":"Arslanian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"R22-3-20210129","first-page":"49","article-title":"Childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes.","volume":"98","author":"Sabin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"R23-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2174\/157339906776818578","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and obesity in children and adolescents: experience from studies in Taiwanese population.","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"R24-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.105141","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review and a public health perspective.","volume":"136","author":"Fagot-Campagna","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R25-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092625","article-title":"Pediatric obesity and insulin resistance: chronic disease risk and implications for treatment and prevention beyond body weight modification.","volume":"25","author":"Cruz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"R26-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012578","article-title":"Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity.","volume":"346","author":"Sinha","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R27-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3109\/09513599309152512","article-title":"Endocrinological, ultrasonographic and clinical findings in adolescent and adult polycystic ovary patients: a comparative study.","volume":"7","author":"Gulekli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R28-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-199809080-00003","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk in children.","volume":"9","author":"Goran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"R29-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199211053271904","article-title":"Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935.","volume":"327","author":"Must","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R30-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806043382302","article-title":"3rd, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study.","volume":"338","author":"Berenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R31-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000060923.07573.F2","article-title":"Obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in children: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee (Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young) and the Diabetes Committee (Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism).","volume":"107","author":"Steinberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R32-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010129","article-title":"Blood pressure differences between blacks and whites in relation to body size among US children and adolescents.","volume":"151","author":"Rosner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R33-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000032940.33466.12","article-title":"Obesity hypertension in children: a problem of epidemic proportions.","volume":"40","author":"Sorof","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R34-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.10.030","article-title":"The relationship of body mass index and blood pressure in primary care pediatric patients.","volume":"148","author":"Falkner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R35-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70156-7","article-title":"Idiopathic steatohepatitis in childhood: a multicenter retrospective study.","volume":"127","author":"Baldridge","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R36-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208670","article-title":"Prevalence of fatty liver in Japanese children and relationship to obesity. An epidemiological ultrasonographic survey.","volume":"40","author":"Tominaga","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R37-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200001000-00017","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children.","volume":"30","author":"Rashid","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"R38-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-003-0028-4","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children.","volume":"5","author":"Roberts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"R39-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.04.003","article-title":"Obesity increases the risk for persisting obstructive sleep apnea after treatment in children.","volume":"70","author":"OBrien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R40-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1832","article-title":"Orthopedic complications of overweight in children and adolescents.","volume":"117","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R41-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198406000-00018","article-title":"Fatty liver and its fibrous changes found in simple obesity of children.","volume":"3","author":"Kinugasa","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"R42-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018850223495","article-title":"Liver involvement in obese children. Ultrasonography and liver enzyme levels at diagnosis and during follow-up in an Italian population.","volume":"42","author":"Franzese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R43-3-20210129","first-page":"727","article-title":"Prevalence of abnormal serum aminotransferase values in overweight and obese adolescents.","volume":"136","author":"Strauss","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R45-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.73","article-title":"The relationship between health-related quality of life and weight loss.","volume":"9","author":"Kolotkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R46-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-3-3","article-title":"Obesity: an overview on its current perspectives and treatment options.","volume":"3","author":"Nammi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"R47-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.4.661","article-title":"The association between short sleep duration and obesity in young adults: a 13-year prospective study.","volume":"27","author":"Hasler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"R48-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10046","article-title":"Body image disturbance in obese outpatients before and after weight loss in relation to race, gender, binge eating, and age of onset of obesity.","volume":"31","author":"Sorbara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"R49-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199601)19:1<73::AID-EAT9>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Weight and shape overconcern and emotional eating in binge eating disorder.","volume":"19","author":"Eldredge","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"R50-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325009","article-title":"Comparison of psychological characteristics of binging and nonbinging obese, adult, female outpatients.","volume":"8","author":"Jirik-Babb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"R51-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1992.10607557","article-title":"Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change.","volume":"63","author":"Marcus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"11-B","key":"R52-3-20210129","first-page":"5303","article-title":"An analysis of psychological distress, self-concept and patterns of family interactions in two subgroups of bulimia-normal weight and obese.","volume":"50","author":"Wilfley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diss Abstr Int"},{"key":"R53-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537546","article-title":"Binge eating in anorexia nervosa predicts later onset of substance use disorder. A ten-year prospective, longitudinal follow-up of 95 adolescents.","volume":"25","author":"Strober","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"R54-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015694623574","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders associated with the onset and persistence of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder during adolescence.","volume":"31","author":"Zaider","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"R55-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v23n03_04","article-title":"Similarity between obesity and drug addiction as assessed by neurofunctional imaging: a concept review.","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"R57-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/45230","article-title":"Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.","volume":"402","author":"Kojima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R58-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/35038090","article-title":"Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents.","volume":"407","author":"Tschop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R59-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5992","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.12.8111","article-title":"Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans.","volume":"86","author":"Wren","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R60-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(03)00105-0","article-title":"Neural basis of orexigenic effects of ghrelin acting within lateral hypothalamus.","volume":"24","author":"Olszewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"R61-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35954","article-title":"The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats.","volume":"123","author":"Date","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R62-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.4.707","article-title":"Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity.","volume":"50","author":"Tschop","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R63-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0300-0664.2001.01456.x","article-title":"Weight loss increases circulating levels of ghrelin in human obesity.","volume":"56","author":"Hansen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R64-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.04.014","article-title":"Gastric capacity, test meal intake, and appetitive hormones in binge eating disorder.","volume":"81","author":"Geliebter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"R66-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.1.8129","article-title":"Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretion.","volume":"87","author":"Shiiya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R67-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031118","article-title":"Elevated fasting plasma ghrelin in prader-willi syndrome adults is not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance.","volume":"89","author":"Goldstone","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R68-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.9.1801","article-title":"Altered hypothalamic function in response to glucose ingestion in obese humans.","volume":"48","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R69-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v23n03_03","article-title":"Interaction of satiety and reward response to food stimulation.","volume":"23","author":"James","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"R70-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1089\/15209150152811243","article-title":"Imaging in vivo brain-hormone interaction in the control of eating and obesity.","volume":"3","author":"James","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"R71-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801351","article-title":"Retinoid X receptor agonists have anti-obesity effects and improve insulin sensitivity in Zucker fafa rats.","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"R72-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079857","article-title":"Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here.","volume":"299","author":"Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R73-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5368.1371","article-title":"Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic.","volume":"280","author":"Hill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R74-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/19.3.304","article-title":"Selections from current literature. Treatment issues in childhood obesity.","volume":"19","author":"Connolly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"R75-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.4.505","article-title":"Etiology and treatment of obesity: understanding a serious, prevalent, and refractory disorder.","volume":"60","author":"Brownell","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R76-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802706","article-title":"Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Marshall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"R77-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92360-3","article-title":"Cocaine abuse and eating disorders.","volume":"1","author":"Jonas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R79-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1452","article-title":"How can drug addiction help us understand obesity.","volume":"8","author":"Volkow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"R80-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.9.886","article-title":"Tobacco consumption in Swedish twins reared apart and reared together.","volume":"57","author":"Kendler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R81-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(02)02719-1","article-title":"Substance abuse vulnerability loci: converging genome scanning data.","volume":"18","author":"Uhl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"R82-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.1.259","article-title":"Genetic linkage and association of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin receptor) gene in human obesity.","volume":"54","author":"Baessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R83-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.5.838","article-title":"Differential brain responses to satiation in obese and lean men.","volume":"49","author":"Gautier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R84-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(00)00208-X","article-title":"Addiction and its reward process through polymorphisms of the D2 dopamine receptor gene: a review.","volume":"15","author":"Noble","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"R85-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199506000-00001","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants: association and linkage studies in impulsive-addictive-compulsive behaviour.","volume":"5","author":"Blum","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"R86-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v23n03_08","article-title":"Body mass index and alcohol use.","volume":"23","author":"Kleiner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"R87-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v23n03_02","article-title":"Overlapping and interactive pathways regulating appetite and craving.","volume":"23","author":"Kalra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"R88-3-20210129","first-page":"68","article-title":"Interacting appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight.","volume":"20","author":"Kalra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R89-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2003.10.002","article-title":"Alcoholism and obesity: overlapping neuropeptide pathways.","volume":"37","author":"Thiele","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"R90-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)00719-0","article-title":"Alcohol-preferring AA rats show a derangement in their central melanocortin signalling system.","volume":"72","author":"Lindblom","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"R91-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244901","article-title":"Voluntary consumption of ethanol in 15 inbred mouse strains.","volume":"112","author":"Belknap","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"R92-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2003.10.003","article-title":"MTII-induced reduction of voluntary ethanol drinking is blocked by pretreatment with AgRP-(83-132).","volume":"37","author":"Navarro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"R93-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.4.531","article-title":"Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in obob mice.","volume":"45","author":"Schwartz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R94-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(00)00413-5","article-title":"Neurobiological responses to ethanol in mutant mice lacking neuropeptide Y or the Y5 receptor.","volume":"67","author":"Thiele","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"R95-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.03.009","article-title":"Assessment of ethanol consumption and water drinking by NPY Y(2) receptor knockout mice.","volume":"25","author":"Thiele","year":"2004","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"R96-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.509","article-title":"Leptin as a possible modulator of craving for alcohol.","volume":"58","author":"Kiefer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R97-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.4.401","article-title":"Alcohol intake, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, leptin and craving: factors of a possibly vicious circle.","volume":"37","author":"Kiefer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"R98-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6643","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5126-05.2006","article-title":"Opposing crosstalk between leptin and glucocorticoids rapidly modulates synaptic excitation via endocannabinoid release.","volume":"26","author":"Malcher-Lopes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R99-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.07.030","article-title":"Cannabinoid physiology and pharmacology: 30 years of progress.","volume":"47","author":"Howlett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"R100-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00004.2003","article-title":"Role of endogenous cannabinoids in synaptic signaling.","volume":"83","author":"Freund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"R101-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/35071088","article-title":"Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake.","volume":"410","author":"Di Marzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R102-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704767","article-title":"Endocannabinoid levels in rat limbic forebrain and hypothalamus in relation to fasting, feeding and satiation: stimulation of eating by 2-arachidonoyl glycerol.","volume":"136","author":"Kirkham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R103-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200509000-00004","article-title":"Endocannabinoids in the regulation of appetite and body weight.","volume":"16","author":"Kirkham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"R104-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0529-04.2004","article-title":"Cannabinoids enhance subsecond dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of awake rats.","volume":"24","author":"Cheer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R105-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66374-X","article-title":"Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study.","volume":"365","author":"Van Gaal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R106-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00751-5","article-title":"Opioid modulation of taste hedonics within the ventral striatum.","volume":"76","author":"Kelley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"R107-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80077-8","article-title":"Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation.","volume":"6","author":"Robbins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"R108-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09262.x","article-title":"Functional specificity of ventral striatal compartments in appetitive behaviors.","volume":"877","author":"Kelley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R109-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593","article-title":"A neural substrate of prediction and reward.","volume":"275","author":"Schultz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R110-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119801200108","article-title":"A motivational learning hypothesis of the role of mesolimbic dopamine in compulsive drug use.","volume":"12","author":"Di Chiara","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R111-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.9.3.482","article-title":"The neurobiology of drug addiction.","volume":"9","author":"Koob","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R112-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.58","article-title":"Molecular and cellular basis of addiction.","volume":"278","author":"Nestler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R113-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.03.007","article-title":"The role of impulsivity in the development of substance use and eating disorders.","volume":"28","author":"Dawe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R114-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.113","article-title":"Decision-making deficits and overeating: a risk model for obesity.","volume":"12","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R115-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.110.1.86","article-title":"Binge eating as escape from self-awareness.","volume":"110","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R116-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.1042","article-title":"Alcohol abuse and dysfunctional eating in adolescent girls: the influence of individual differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment.","volume":"29","author":"Loxton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"R119-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2004.07.001","article-title":"Impulsive disorders in Japanese adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"46","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R121-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00382.x","article-title":"The impulsivist: a multi-impulsive personality disorder.","volume":"81","author":"Lacey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"R124-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199311)14:3<305::AID-EAT2260140309>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Are the eating disorders related to obsessive compulsive disorder.","volume":"14","author":"Hsu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"R125-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.3.318","article-title":"Jr, Keck PE, Jr, Aizley HG. The DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified: clinical characteristics and relationship to other psychiatric disorders.","volume":"149","author":"McElroy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R126-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03393.x","article-title":"Impulsivity and dyscontrol in bulimia nervosa: is impulsivity an independent phenomenon or a marker of severity.","volume":"87","author":"Newton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R127-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(99)90009-3","article-title":"A preliminary report on pain thresholds in bulimia nervosa during a bulimic episode.","volume":"40","author":"Raymond","year":"1999","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R128-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.16.5.453.22127","article-title":"MCMI-II profiles of women with eating disorders: a cluster analytic investigation.","volume":"16","author":"Espelage","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"key":"R129-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20169","article-title":"Impulsivity and compulsivity in bulimia nervosa.","volume":"38","author":"Engel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"R130-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/10640260590893647","article-title":"The relationship between temperament and impulsive behaviors in eating disordered subjects.","volume":"13","author":"Favaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"R131-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(99)00061-9","article-title":"Decreased platelet monoamine oxidase activity in female bulimia nervosa.","volume":"10","author":"Carrasco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"R132-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179900313X","article-title":"Implications of impulsive and affective symptoms for serotonin function in bulimia nervosa.","volume":"31","author":"Steiger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R133-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008","article-title":"A psychobiological model of temperament and character.","volume":"50","author":"Cloninger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R134-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.3.280","article-title":"Brain 5-HT function in obsessive-compulsive disorder; prolactin responses to d-fenfluramine.","volume":"171","author":"Fineberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R135-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-006-0022-y","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"6","author":"Weintraub","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"R137-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.318","article-title":"Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex.","volume":"10","author":"Volkow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"R138-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.06.032","article-title":"Cognitive impulsivity in cocaine and heroin polysubstance abusers.","volume":"32","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"R139-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.11.007","article-title":"Reflection impulsivity in current and former substance users.","volume":"60","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R140-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005483","article-title":"Impulsivity resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction in drug abuse: implications for the control of behavior by reward-related stimuli.","volume":"146","author":"Jentsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"R141-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E29","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.3.e29","article-title":"Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee recommendations. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services.","volume":"102","author":"Barlow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R142-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/24.3.223","article-title":"Empirically supported treatments in pediatric psychology: pediatric obesity.","volume":"24","author":"Jelalian","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"R144-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/10598405050210020401","article-title":"An integrative review of interventions for adolescent weight loss.","volume":"21","author":"Stuart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"key":"R145-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.4","article-title":"Behavioral weight control for overweight adolescents initiated in primary care.","volume":"10","author":"Saelens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R146-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.4","article-title":"Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor in overweight adolescents.","volume":"142","author":"Sondike","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R147-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E55","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.e55","article-title":"The effects of metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes.","volume":"107","author":"Freemark","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R148-3-20210129","first-page":"339","article-title":"A long-term aerobic exercise program decreases the obesity index and increases the high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in obese children.","volume":"11","author":"Sasaki","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"R149-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455870111007","article-title":"Stability of food preferences during weight control. A study with 8- to 12-year-old children and their parents.","volume":"11","author":"Epstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"key":"R150-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(84)80051-9","article-title":"Effects of parental involvement in behavioral weight loss therapy for preadolescents.","volume":"15","author":"Kirschenbaum","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"R151-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.52.3.429","article-title":"Effects of diet plus exercise on weight change in parents and children.","volume":"52","author":"Epstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R152-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80506-0","article-title":"Effect of diet and controlled exercise on weight loss in obese children.","volume":"107","author":"Epstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R153-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.5.818","article-title":"Effects of exercise intensity on cardiovascular fitness, total body composition, and visceral adiposity of obese adolescents.","volume":"75","author":"Gutin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R154-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199901000-00022","article-title":"Effect of physical training on total and visceral fat in obese children.","volume":"31","author":"Owens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R155-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003276","article-title":"Physical activity interventions in the prevention and treatment of paediatric obesity: systematic review and critical appraisal.","volume":"62","author":"Reilly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"R156-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.81.5.605","article-title":"Coronary risk incidence of obese adolescents; reduction by exercise plus diet intervention.","volume":"81","author":"Becque","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R157-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.52.3.429","article-title":"Effects of diet plus exercise on weight change in parents and children.","volume":"52","author":"Epstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R158-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.16.2.107","article-title":"Effects of decreasing sedentary behaviors on activity choice in obese children.","volume":"16","author":"Epstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"R159-3-20210129","first-page":"16","article-title":"Blood pressure in obese adolescents: effect of weight loss.","volume":"82","author":"Rocchini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R160-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00170.x","article-title":"Do children lose and maintain weight easier than adults: a comparison of child and parent weight changes from six months to ten years.","volume":"3","author":"Epstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R161-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00012.x","article-title":"Prevention of obesityis it possible.","volume":"2","author":"Muller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"R162-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1561","article-title":"Reducing childrens television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"282","author":"Robinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R163-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.409","article-title":"Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth: Planet Health.","volume":"153","author":"Gortmaker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R165-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.20.2.175","article-title":"Family-based interventions for pediatric obesity: methodological and conceptual challenges from family psychology.","volume":"20","author":"Kitzmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol"},{"key":"R166-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800749","article-title":"Role of behaviour modification in the treatment of childhood obesity with the parents as the exclusive agents of change.","volume":"22","author":"Golan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"R167-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-0980-2","article-title":"The effect of a combined intervention on body mass index and fitness in obese children and adolescentsa clinical experience.","volume":"161","author":"Eliakim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"R168-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.71.4.515","article-title":"Treatment of obese children with and without their mothers: changes in weight and blood pressure.","volume":"71","author":"Brownell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R169-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440010081036","article-title":"Responsible and irresponsible use of very-low-calorie diets in the treatment of obesity.","volume":"263","author":"Wadden","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R170-3-20210129","first-page":"279","article-title":"Long-term weight control in obese children: persistence of treatment outcome and metabolic changes.","volume":"16","author":"Nuutinen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"R171-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.13.5.373","article-title":"Ten-year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood obesity.","volume":"13","author":"Epstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"R172-3-20210129","first-page":"1076","article-title":"Effect of weight loss by obese children on long-term growth.","volume":"147","author":"Epstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"R173-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190051027","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children.","volume":"264","author":"Epstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R174-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/19.6.737","article-title":"An evaluation of enhanced self-regulation training in the treatment of childhood obesity.","volume":"19","author":"Israel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"R175-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520420045036","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lowering dietary intake of fat and cholesterol in children with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC).","volume":"273","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R176-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.256","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of a cholesterol-lowering diet in children with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: seven-year results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC).","volume":"107","author":"Obarzanek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R177-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/16.3.235","article-title":"Treatments for childhood and adolescent obesity.","volume":"16","author":"Haddock","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"R178-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80312-1","article-title":"Reducing adolescent obesity through a school health program.","volume":"95","author":"Botvin","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R179-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.51.1.147","article-title":"School-based intervention for adolescent obesity: analysis of treatment, randomly selected control, and self-selected control subjects.","volume":"51","author":"Lansky","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R180-3-20210129","first-page":"287","article-title":"Long-term effects of dietary counselling on nutrient intake and weight loss in obese children.","volume":"45","author":"Nuutinen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R181-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.4.538","article-title":"Peer-led program for the treatment and prevention of obesity in the schools.","volume":"53","author":"Foster","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R182-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-003-1155-5","article-title":"Inpatient treatment of obese children: a multicomponent programme without stringent calorie restriction.","volume":"162","author":"Braet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"R183-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.2.246","article-title":"An evaluation of parental problem-solving training in the behavioral treatment of childhood obesity.","volume":"56","author":"Graves","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R184-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.4.717","article-title":"Problem solving in the treatment of childhood obesity.","volume":"68","author":"Epstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R185-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143833","article-title":"Motivational interviewing.","volume":"1","author":"Hettema","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R186-3-20210129","first-page":"305","article-title":"Motivational interviewing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"55","author":"Rubak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"R187-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.3.574","article-title":"Brief motivational interviewing in a hospital setting for adolescent smoking: a preliminary study.","volume":"66","author":"Colby","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R188-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.6.989","article-title":"Brief intervention for harm reduction with alcohol-positive older adolescents in a hospital emergency department.","volume":"67","author":"Monti","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R189-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.898","article-title":"Comparison of extended versus brief treatments for marijuana use.","volume":"68","author":"Stephens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R190-3-20210129","first-page":"57","article-title":"Project MATCH.","volume":"94","author":"Gordis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R191-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1997.58.7","article-title":"Project MATCH Research. Matching alcoholism treatments to client hetergeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes.","volume":"58","author":"Match","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"R193-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/08917779008248739","article-title":"Traditional group therapy and computer-administered treatment for test anxiety.","volume":"3","author":"Buglione","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anxiety Res"},{"key":"R194-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378803300208","article-title":"Computer-supervised exposure treatment for phobias.","volume":"33","author":"Carr","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R195-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.2.234","article-title":"Therapist contact and outcome of self-exposure treatment for phobias. A controlled study.","volume":"152","author":"Ghosh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R196-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.1.51","article-title":"Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression.","volume":"147","author":"Selmi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R197-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.28.4.3","article-title":"Efficacy of computer-based HIVAIDS education for injection drug users.","volume":"28","author":"Marsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"R198-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82844-6","article-title":"Computer-assisted detection and intervention in adolescent high-risk health behaviors.","volume":"116","author":"Paperny","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R199-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199812)24:4<339::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Evaluation of a computer-mediated eating disorder intervention program.","volume":"24","author":"Winzelberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"R200-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.2.346","article-title":"Effectiveness of an Internet-based program for reducing risk factors for eating disorders.","volume":"68","author":"Winzelberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R201-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.132","article-title":"Mediators of weight loss in a family-based intervention presented over the internet.","volume":"12","author":"White","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R202-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1136\/ebn.6.2.44","article-title":"Peer leaders and adolescents participating in a multicomponent school based nutrition intervention had dietary improvements.","volume":"6","author":"Frenn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evid Based Nurs"},{"key":"R203-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2004.04.003","article-title":"Changing the tide: an Internetvideo exercise and low-fat diet intervention with middle-school students.","volume":"18","author":"Frenn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"R204-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.14.1805","article-title":"Behavior therapy and sibutramine for the treatment of adolescent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"289","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R206-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.113043","article-title":"Gastric bypass surgery in adolescents with morbid obesity.","volume":"138","author":"Strauss","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R207-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803084","article-title":"New drug policy in childhood obesity.","volume":"29","author":"Molnar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"R209-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00596.x","article-title":"Orlistat treatment in obese prepubertal children: a pilot study.","volume":"92","author":"Norgren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"R210-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011620","article-title":"Present and future pharmacological approaches.","volume":"53","author":"Finer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"R211-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00227.x","article-title":"Sibutramine: a novel new agent for obesity treatment.","volume":"3","author":"Ryan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R212-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03491-7","article-title":"Effect of sibutramine on weight maintenance after weight loss: a randomised trial. STORM Study Group. Sibutramine Trial of Obesity Reduction and Maintenance.","volume":"356","author":"James","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R213-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1331","article-title":"Long-term weight loss with sibutramine: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"286","author":"Wirth","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R214-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.117510","article-title":"Effects of sibutramine on body weight and serum lipids: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 322 overweight and obese patients with dyslipidemia.","volume":"142","author":"Dujovne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R215-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1326.2000.00071.x","article-title":"Sibutramine is effective for weight loss and diabetic control in obesity with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","volume":"2","author":"Finer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"R216-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.152","article-title":"Effect of sibutramine on weight loss and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of controlled trials.","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"R217-3-20210129","first-page":"S12","article-title":"Mode of action of orlistat.","volume":"21","author":"Guerciolini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"R218-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11509-4","article-title":"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. European Multicentre Orlistat Study Group.","volume":"352","author":"Sjostrom","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R219-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.9.1321","article-title":"Effects of weight loss with orlistat on glucose tolerance and progression to type 2 diabetes in obese adults.","volume":"160","author":"Heymsfield","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R220-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.8","article-title":"Weight loss, weight maintenance, and improved cardiovascular risk factors after 2 years treatment with orlistat for obesity. European Orlistat Obesity Study Group.","volume":"8","author":"Rossner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R221-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0263","article-title":"Treatment of obese adolescents with sibutramine: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.","volume":"90","author":"Godoy-Matos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R222-3-20210129","first-page":"30","article-title":"Sibutramine as an adjuvant therapy in adolescents suffering from morbid obesity.","volume":"8","author":"Reisler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"R223-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-2-200607180-00005","article-title":"Effects of sibutramine treatment in obese adolescents: a randomized trial.","volume":"145","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R224-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.22.11.814.33627","article-title":"Effects of orlistat on fat-soluble vitamins in obese adolescents.","volume":"22","author":"McDuffie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"R225-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1534-6","article-title":"Addition of orlistat to conventional treatment in adolescents with severe obesity.","volume":"163","author":"Ozkan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"R226-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01723.x","article-title":"Orlistat in the treatment of overweight or obese Chinese patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.","volume":"22","author":"Shi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"R227-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.12.1.18","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss in adolescents.","volume":"12","author":"Maahs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"R228-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.23.2873","article-title":"Effect of orlistat on weight and body composition in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"293","author":"Chanoine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"R229-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.1.138","article-title":"Metformin as an adjunct therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"26","author":"Hamilton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R230-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1490323","article-title":"Metformin as additional therapy in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: randomised placebo-controlled trial with aspects on insulin sensitivity.","volume":"149","author":"Sarnblad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R231-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030117","article-title":"Flutamide-metformin therapy to reduce fat mass in hyperinsulinemic ovarian hyperandrogenism: effects in adolescents and in women on third-generation oral contraception.","volume":"88","author":"Ibanez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R232-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031281","article-title":"Ethinylestradiol-drospirenone, flutamide-metformin, or both for adolescents and women with hyperinsulinemic hyperandrogenism: opposite effects on adipocytokines and body adiposity.","volume":"89","author":"Ibanez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R233-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.4.8398","article-title":"Metformin therapy in obese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance: amelioration of exaggerated adrenal response to adrenocorticotropin with reduction of insulinemiainsulin resistance.","volume":"87","author":"Arslanian","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R234-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02420.x","article-title":"A phase 2 clinical trial of metformin as a treatment for non-diabetic paediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.","volume":"21","author":"Schwimmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R235-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2001.28078","article-title":"Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents.","volume":"50","author":"Kay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"R236-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.655","article-title":"Metformin for weight loss in pediatric patients taking psychotropic drugs.","volume":"159","author":"Morrison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R237-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0241","article-title":"Randomized, controlled trial of metformin for obesity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents: improvement in body composition and fasting insulin.","volume":"91","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R238-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200306000-00004","article-title":"Application of laparoscopy for bariatric surgery in adolescents.","volume":"15","author":"Garcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"suppl A","key":"R239-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2006.03.013","article-title":"Bariatric surgery for morbidly obese adolescents: is there a rationale for early intervention.","volume":"16","author":"Inge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"R240-3-20210129","first-page":"16","article-title":"Weighing the consequences: bariatric surgery sometimes considered for obese children, but information lacking on long-term outcomes.","volume":"23","year":"2003","journal-title":"AAP News"},{"key":"R242-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199412000-00003","article-title":"Adolescents having obesity surgery: a 6-year follow-up.","volume":"87","author":"Rand","year":"1994","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"R243-3-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v23n03_05","article-title":"Adolescent drug addiction treatment and weight gain.","volume":"23","author":"Hodgkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"}],"container-title":["Harvard Review of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00023727-200803000-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T19:08:52Z","timestamp":1738177732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00023727-200803000-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":225,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10673220802069764","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-3229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-3229","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}