{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T07:39:26Z","timestamp":1779176366982,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10673220802432350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,20]],"date-time":"2008-09-20T10:13:31Z","timestamp":1221905611000},"page":"299-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Neurosyphilis, Malaria, and the Discovery of Antipsychotic Agents"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Frances R.","family":"Frankenburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross J.","family":"Baldessarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.42.6.453","article-title":"Syphilis in clinical psychiatry: a review.","volume":"42","author":"Hutto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"R2-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2307\/3281739","article-title":"The malariatherapy of neurosyphilis.","volume":"70","author":"Chernin","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"R3-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-192205000-00001","article-title":"The treatment of general paresis by inoculation of malaria.","volume":"55","author":"Wagner-Jauregg","year":"1922","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R4-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490040092031","article-title":"History of malariotherapy for neurosyphilis.","volume":"268","author":"Austin","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R5-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.5.660","article-title":"Effect of therapeutic innovation on perception of disease and the doctor-patient relationship: history of general paralysis of the insane and malaria fever therapy 1910-1950.","volume":"152","author":"Braslow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200601551","article-title":"The Woodward-DoeringRabe-Kindler total synthesis of quinine: setting the record straight.","volume":"46","author":"Seeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"R14-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1021\/ja004325r","article-title":"The first stereoselective total synthesis of quinine.","volume":"123","author":"Stork","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"R15-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/35078178","article-title":"Synthetic lessons from quinine.","volume":"411","author":"Weinreb","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R18-4-20210129","first-page":"206","article-title":"Un nouveau stabilisateur vegetatif (le 4560 RP).","volume":"60","author":"Laborit","year":"1952","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"R19-4-20210129","first-page":"331","article-title":"Remarques sur laction du 4560 RP sur lagitation maniaque.","volume":"110","author":"Hamon","year":"1952","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol"},{"key":"R20-4-20210129","first-page":"112","article-title":"Utilization en therapeutique psychiatrique dune phenothiazine daction centrale elective.","volume":"110","author":"Delay","year":"1952","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol"},{"key":"R21-4-20210129","first-page":"19","article-title":"Chlorpromazine and neuroleptic treatments in psychiatry.","volume":"17","author":"Delay","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Psychopathol"},{"key":"R22-4-20210129","first-page":"253","article-title":"From chlorpromazine to tardive dyskinesia: brief history of the neuroleptics.","volume":"14","author":"Deniker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatr J Univ Ott"},{"key":"R26-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(83)90008-3","article-title":"Methylene blue: a possible treatment for manic-depressive psychosis.","volume":"5","author":"Narsapur","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R27-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90265-9","article-title":"A two-year double-blind crossover trial of the prophylactic effect of methylene blue in manic-depressive psychosis.","volume":"21","author":"Naylor","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R28-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199708000-00008","article-title":"Methylene blue adjuvant therapy of schizophrenia.","volume":"20","author":"Deutsch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"R29-4-20210129","first-page":"69","article-title":"Neurosyphilis.","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Infect Dis"},{"key":"R30-4-20210129","first-page":"176","article-title":"Active syphilis in HIV infection: a multicentre retrospective survey.","volume":"72","author":"Schofer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"R33-4-20210129","first-page":"45","article-title":"Drug resistance in malaria.","volume":"41","author":"Farooq","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"R34-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(01)00840-1","article-title":"Novel phenothiazine antimalarials: synthesis, antimalarial activity, and inhibition of the formation of beta-haematin.","volume":"63","author":"Kalkanidis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"R35-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-4-45","article-title":"Safety of methylene blue plus chloroquine combination in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young children of Burkina Faso.","volume":"4","author":"Meissner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R36-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-84","article-title":"Methylene blue for malaria in Africa: results from a dose-finding study in combination with chloroquine.","volume":"5","author":"Meissner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R37-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1021\/jm070201e","article-title":"Synthesis and antimalarial property of orally active phenoxazinium salts.","volume":"50","author":"Takasu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"R38-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16680-4","article-title":"Antimalarial combinations.","volume":"364","author":"Kremsner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R39-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.20.2232","article-title":"Burden, features, and outcome of neurological involvement in acute falciparum malaria in Kenyan children.","volume":"297","author":"Idro","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R40-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1041064","article-title":"Modern antipsychotic drugs: critical overview.","volume":"172","author":"Gardner","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R41-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103143241107","article-title":"Clozapine.","volume":"324","author":"Baldessarini","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R42-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.10.1079","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of the effect on quality of life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia.","volume":"63","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R43-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.3.428","article-title":"Effects of antipsychotic medications on psychosocial functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia: findings from the NIMH CATIE study.","volume":"164","author":"Swartz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R44-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.8.1094","article-title":"Baseline use of concomitant psychotropic medications to treat schizophrenia in the CATIE trial.","volume":"57","author":"Chakos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R45-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.08.002","article-title":"Hospital use of antipsychotic drugs: polytherapy.","volume":"49","author":"Centorrino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R46-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620010-00003","article-title":"Polytherapy in bipolar disorder.","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"R47-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2007.58.1.85","article-title":"Prescribing patterns of psychotropic medicines in the United States for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorders.","volume":"58","author":"Baldessarini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R49-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2007.43","article-title":"Protein kinase C inhibition in the treatment of mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tamoxifen.","volume":"65","author":"Yildiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Harvard Review of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1080\/10673220802432350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T14:47:43Z","timestamp":1636555663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00023727-200809000-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10673220802432350","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-3229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-3229","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}