{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:31:19Z","timestamp":1791318679898,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]],"date-time":"2010-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1298,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microcirculation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> The essential role of erythrocytes as oxygen carriers is historically well established, but their function to aggregate and the consequences on the microcirculation is under debate. The pathogenic potential of low erythrocyte aggregation could be important for patients undergoing on\u2010pump cardipopulmonary bypass. These patients are severely hemodiluted due to preoperative isovolemic hemodilution (IHD), circuit priming, and large fluid infusions perioperatively. Considering the vascular endothelium sensitivity to variations in blood rheology, the authors hypothesize that low erythrocyte aggregation will be responsible for activation of vascular endothelium during acute IHD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Acute IHD (30 mL\/kg exchange transfusion with colloid solutions) was induced in an \u201caggregating species\u201d(pigs, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15). The hypoxic oxidative stress (plasma malondialdehyde, ex vivo oxygen radicals production in heart, lung, kidney, liver, and ileum tissue biopsies), erythrocyte aggregation (LORCA), and endothelial activation (real\u2010time quantitative RT\u2010PCR on von Willebrand factor (vWF), E\u2010 and P\u2010selectins, endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene\u2010expression in tissue biopsies) were investigated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, measured as H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> generation, was similar at all times in sham\u2010operated and hemodiluted animals, proving a maintained oxygen delivery to tissues. Acute IHD was followed by a dramatic drop in erythrocyte aggregation and immediate prothrombotic (significant vWF mRNA upregulation in heart, lungs, kidney, liver, ileum) and proinflammatory (significant E\u2010 and P\u2010selectins mRNA upregulation in lungs and ileum) endothelial activation. Low erythrocyte aggregation was significantly correlated with increased mRNA\u2010expression of vWF (heart, liver, ileum) and P\u2010selectin (lungs, ileum, and heart).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> These results suggest that low erythrocyte aggregation might trigger endothelium\u2010dependent thrombogenic and proinflammatory response during acute isovolemic hemodilution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680600745992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,3]],"date-time":"2006-07-03T01:51:26Z","timestamp":1151891486000},"page":"397-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Acute Isovolemic Hemodilution Triggers Proinflammatory and Procoagulatory Endothelial Activation in Vital Organs: Role of Erythrocyte Aggregation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"AURORA M.","family":"MORARIU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARK\u2010HUGO J.","family":"MAATHUIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SIGRIDUR A.","family":"ASGEIRSDOTTIR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HENRI G. 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