{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:13:24Z","timestamp":1772705604614,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1-2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geographic Information Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/10824009709480489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,11]],"date-time":"2010-08-11T12:43:10Z","timestamp":1281530590000},"page":"7-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Linear Feature Modeling with Curve Fitting: Parametric Polynomial Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California","place":["USA"]}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California","place":["USA"]}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/1005-13MG-2627-2552"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02693799008941555"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Geographical Information Handling \u2013 Research and Application","author":"Brunsdon C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brunsdon , C. and Openshaw , S. 1993 . \u201c Simulating the effects of error in GIS \u201d . In Geographical Information Handling \u2013 Research and Application , Edited by: Mather , P.M. 47 \u2013 61 . England : John Wiley & Sons . Edited by : \u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"A theory of cartographic error and its measurement in digital data bases","author":"Chrisman N. P.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chrisman , N. P. 1982 . A theory of cartographic error and its measurement in digital data bases 159 \u2013 168 . Proceedings, Auto-Caro 5\u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198534419.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Accuracy of Spatial Database","author":"Dutton G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dutton , G. 1989 . \u201c Modeling location uncertainty via hierarchical tessellation \u201d . In Accuracy of Spatial Database , Edited by: Goodchild , M. and Gopal , S. 125 \u2013 140 . New York : Taylor & Francis . Edited by : \u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Boundary uncertainties in digitized maps I: some possible determination methods","author":"Gong P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gong , P. and Chen , J. 1992 . Boundary uncertainties in digitized maps I: some possible determination methods 274 \u2013 281 . GIS\/LIS'92\u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10824009509480472"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Harvard Papers on Geographic Information Systems","author":"Goodchild M.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Goodchild , M.F. 1978 . \u201c Statistical aspects of the polygon overlay problem \u201d . In Harvard Papers on Geographic Information Systems , Edited by: Dutton , G. Vol. 6 , Reading, Mass : Addison-Wesley ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"154","volume-title":"Modeling error in spatial database, Proceedings","author":"Goodchild M.F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goodchild , M.F. 1990 . Modeling error in spatial database, Proceedings 154 \u2013 162 . GIS\/LIS'90\u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Time Series Analysis, Identification and Adaptive Filtering","author":"Graupe D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Graupe , D. 1984 . Time Series Analysis, Identification and Adaptive Filtering , Malabar, Florida : Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02757259209532151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0734-189X(90)90006-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Time Series: Forecasting, Simulation, Applications","author":"Janacek G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Janacek , G. and Swift , L. 1993 . Time Series: Forecasting, Simulation, Applications , England : Ellis Horwood Limited ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"475","volume-title":"Simulating manual digitizing error with statistical models","author":"Keefer B.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Keefer , B.J. , Smith , J.L. and Gregoire , T.G. 1988 . Simulating manual digitizing error with statistical models 475 \u2013 483 . Proceedings, GIS\/LIS'88\u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Curve and surface fitting : an introduction","author":"Lancaster Peter","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lancaster , Peter . 1986 . Curve and surface fitting : an introduction , Orlando : Academic Press ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(87)90080-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Accuracy of Spatial Database","author":"Maffini G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Maffini , G. , Arno , M. and Bitterlich , W. 1989 . \u201c Observations and comments on the generation and treatment of error in digital GIS data \u201d . In Accuracy of Spatial Database , Edited by: Goodchild , M. and Gopal , S. 55 \u2013 67 . New York : Taylor & Francis . Edited by : \u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"On the length of empirical curves","author":"Perkal J.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Perkal , J. 1966 . On the length of empirical curves Discussion paper 10, Ann Arbor, Michigan Inter-University Community of Mathematical Geographers."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00210656","article-title":"Looking at computer cartography","volume":"6","author":"Poiker T.K.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Poiker , T.K. 1982 . Looking at computer cartography . Geojournal , 6 ( 3 ) : 241 \u2013 249 .","journal-title":"Geojournal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Specifying and tracking errors from map overlay","author":"Pullar D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pullar , D. and Beard , K. 1990 . Specifying and tracking errors from map overlay 79 \u2013 87 . Proceedings, GIS\/LIS'90\u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Applied Statistical Time Series Analysis","author":"Shumway R.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shumway , R.H. 1988 . Applied Statistical Time Series Analysis , Englewood Cliffs , New Jersey : Prentice Hall ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Time Series Analysis","author":"Wei W.S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wei , W.S. 1990 . Time Series Analysis , New York : Addison-Wesley Publishing Company ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"224","volume-title":"Proceedings of the first Symposium of CPGIS","author":"Zhang G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zhang , G. , Ye , X. and Tan , F. 1993 . \u201c Multi-tolerance data cleaning technique \u201d . In Proceedings of the first Symposium of CPGIS 224 \u2013 231 . pp \u2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Digital Signal Processing","author":"Zhong K.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zhong , K. and Hu , G. 1990 . Digital Signal Processing , Beijing : Tsinghua University Press ."}],"container-title":["Geographic Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10824009709480489","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T09:19:49Z","timestamp":1772702389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10824009709480489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/10824009709480489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10824009709480489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-4006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-4006","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}}}