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It is possible that the synthesis may leave trace amounts of ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane, and unreacted C9 phenols. Octoxynols of various chain lengths as well as octoxynol salts and organic acids function in cosmetics either as surfactants\u2014emulsifying agents, surfactants\u2014cleansing agents, surfactant\u2014solubilizing agents, or surfactants\u2014hydrotropes in a wide variety of cosmetic products at concentrations ranging from 0.0008% to 25%, with most less than 5.0%. The octoxynols are chemically similar to nonoxynols, the safety of which were previously considered. Long-chain nonoxynols (9 and above) were considered safe as used, whereas short-chain nonoxynols (8 and below) were considered safe as used in rinse-off products and safe at concentrations less than 5% in leave-on formulations. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810490274306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,10]],"date-time":"2004-09-10T20:37:14Z","timestamp":1094848634000},"page":"59-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Octoxynol-1, Octoxynol-3, Octoxynol-5, Octoxynol- 6, Octoxynol-7, Octoxynol-8, Octoxynol-9, Octoxynol-10, Octoxynol-11, Octoxynol-12, Octoxynol-13, Octoxynol-16, Octoxynol-20, Octoxynol-25, Octoxynol-30, Octoxynol-33, Octoxynol-40, Octoxynol-70, Octoxynol-9 Carboxylic Acid, Octoxynol-20 Carboxylic Acid, Potassium Octoxynol-12 Phosphate, Sodium Octoxynol-2 Ethane Sulfonate, Sodium Octoxynol-2 Sulfate, Sodium Octoxynol-6 Sulfate, and Sodium Octoxynol-9 Sulfate1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45988-1"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1997.38.1.52"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"AMA Laboratories, Inc. 1996. 100 human subject repeat insult patch test. 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