{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:25:02Z","timestamp":1777717502619,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Proliferol is an investigational new drug containing lidocaine hydrochloride 0.25%, dextrose 12.5%, glycerin 12.5%, and phenol 1.0% in aqueous solution. Despite extensive previous experience with similar drug solutions administered in humans by intraligamentous injection for chronic musculoskeletal conditions for over 50 years, animal toxicity data are unavailable. A pilot study was conducted to assess acute toxic effects prior to undertaking further assessment of this drug. Test animals were four Sprague-Dawley rats and four Yucatan mini-swine. Rats received injections into lumbar paraspinal muscles, whereas swine received injections into lumbosacral ligaments in an attempt to mirror the method of administration in humans. Two doses were studied equivalent to 1\u00d7 and 5\u00d7 the typical human dose. Outcomes measured at 24 h and 14 days included clinical observations, clinical chemistry, hematology, urinalysis, local tolerance, and major organ histopathology. In rats and swine, results from clinical chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis were indicative of acute local inflammation. At the high dose, marked (rats) and moderate (swine) short-term above-normal levels in certain liver enzymes were noted. In rats and swine, local tolerance results were indicative of acute local inflammatory changes in the skin, subcutis, and muscle around the injection sites. In rats and swine, major organ histopathology results did not reveal lesions attributable to the drug and clinical observations were within normal limits. In swine, fibroplasia was noted in deeper muscle tissues after 14 days. Injections of Proliferol in lumbar paraspinal muscles in rats and lumbosacral ligaments in swine elicited a modest acute local inflammatory response with no other indications of local or systemic toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810600683218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,22]],"date-time":"2006-05-22T15:09:48Z","timestamp":1148310588000},"page":"171-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Acute Toxicity Pilot Evaluation of Proliferol in Rats and Swine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Dagenais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and CAM Research Institute, Irvine, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oladele","family":"Ogunseitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Science, and Policy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Haldeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; and Southern California University of Health Sciences, Research Division, Whittier, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Wooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAM Research Institute, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Zaldivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"b1-0250171","first-page":"308","volume":"5","author":"Allen LV","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. 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