{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:43:35Z","timestamp":1789753415193,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"the \u201cProgetto Ministeriale Dipartimenti di Eccellenza","award":["58503_DIPECC-C.U.P.B96C17000200008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58503_DIPECC-C.U.P.B96C17000200008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2023.2298833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T06:54:47Z","timestamp":1703228087000},"page":"865-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Therapeutic applications of thymosin peptides: a patent landscape 2018-present"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0891-3405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Quagliata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Papini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Rovero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.56.3.1010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(03)01007-0","volume-title":"The thymosins. Vitamins & hormones","author":"Hannappel E","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hannappel E, Huff T. The thymosins. Vitamins & hormones. Elsevier; 2003p. 257\u2013296. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0083672903010070"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Thymosins: structure, function and therapeutic applications","author":"Tl L","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tl L, Al G. Thymosins: structure, function and therapeutic applications. Thymus. 1984; 6. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/6087503\/","journal-title":"Thymus"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.2.725"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-004-7817-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Thymosin \u03b11 and polypeptide \u03b21. Methods in Enzymology","author":"Low TLK","year":"1985","unstructured":"Low TLK, Goldstein AL. Thymosin \u03b11 and polypeptide \u03b21. Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press; 1985 15. p. 233\u2013248. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0076687985160179"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2015.1033393"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2010.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb47100.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2008.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04699.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.3.6.885"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200003)30:3<778:AID-IMMU778>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1415.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.01.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"A randomized trial to evaluate the immunorestorative properties of synthetic thymosin-alpha 1 in patients with lung cancer","volume":"4","author":"Schulof RS","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schulof RS, Lloyd MJ, Cleary PA, et al. A randomized trial to evaluate the immunorestorative properties of synthetic thymosin-alpha 1 in patients with lung cancer. J Biol Response Mod. 1985;4(2):147\u2013158.","journal-title":"J Biol Response Mod"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v9.i5.67"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","first-page":"1428","article-title":"Primary assessment of treatment effect of thymosin alpha1 on chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"23","author":"An T-T","year":"2004","unstructured":"An T-T, Liu X-Y, Fang J, et al. Primary assessment of treatment effect of thymosin alpha1 on chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Ai Zheng. 2004;23(11 Suppl):1428\u20131430.","journal-title":"Ai Zheng"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.8535"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00633.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02592405"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2003.02331.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1368"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.11.6.9194528"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22322"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.767785"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0169(1997)38:2<187:AID-CM7>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.510645"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Thymosin beta-10 accelerates apoptosis","volume":"41","author":"Hall AK","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hall AK. Thymosin beta-10 accelerates apoptosis. Cell Mol Biol Res. 1995;41(3):167\u2013180.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07357900902849640"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(02)00282-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11223679"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7611-4.00018-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15618"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2018.1486818"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2000.0985"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2001.1125"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","article-title":"Corneal damage prevention\/treatment composition comprising thymosin beta 4 and citric acid as active ingredients","author":"Treebnt Co Ltd G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Treebnt Co Ltd G, Kang SW, Kim K, et al. Corneal damage prevention\/treatment composition comprising thymosin beta 4 and citric acid as active ingredients. EP3338792. 2018.","journal-title":"EP3338792"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in corneal inflammation: tissue injury in herpes simplex virus infection","volume":"13","author":"MEYERS RL","year":"1974","unstructured":"MEYERS RL, PETTIT TH. Chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in corneal inflammation: tissue injury in herpes simplex virus infection. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci. 1974;13:187\u2013197.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","unstructured":"G. Treebnt Co Ltd. Lee SY Kang SW. Method for preparing ophthalmic preparation containing thymosin beta-4. EP3342398. 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1407936"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000379"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","unstructured":"Regentree L Yang WS Kang SW et al. Methods of treating\u0325 dry eye syndrome. US2021213103 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","unstructured":"Huons Co. Ltd Kim YM Kim WP et al. Pharmaceutical composition containing gly-thymosin beta-4 (gly-Tb4) for treatment of dry eye. US2022257721 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7231"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1176"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","unstructured":"G. Treebnt Co Ltd Kang S Kim K et al. Composition for promoting goblet cell proliferation or mucin secretion comprising thymosin beta 4 or derivative thereof as active ingredient. EP3715451 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","unstructured":"Chumburidze Georgy G Chumburidze GG. Stabilized Composition. US2021113478 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","unstructured":"Melanoma Treatment (PDQ\u00ae. NCI. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/types\/skin\/hp\/melanoma-treatment-pdq"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45643-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-001-0033-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011123.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","unstructured":"Treatment of cancer with immune stimulator alpha thymosin peptide. EP3943101. 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21693"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2012.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21613"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_1","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Cerebellum. Current topics in developmental biology","author":"Roussel MF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roussel MF, Hatten ME. Cerebellum. Current topics in developmental biology. Elsevier; 2011. p. 235\u2013282. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9780123809162000085"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100831"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-21-0277"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_1","unstructured":"Univ Georgetown Albanese C Naeem A Enhancing chemotherapy in medulloblastoma and glioblastoma with high basal p53 levels. US2021244797 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12020218"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12766"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2017-000278"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_1","unstructured":"Garaci E Romani L Renga G et al. Method of treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related immune adverse effects. US2021077585 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821028-4.00005-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2015-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_1","unstructured":"Guan X Wu J Tuthill C et al. Use of thymosin alpha for the treatment of sepsis. EP3741386. 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_1","unstructured":"Study details | efficacy of thymosin alpha1 for severe sepsis |. ClinicalTrials.gov https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT00711620"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(03)00109-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piy008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_1","unstructured":"Regenerx Biopharmaceuticals Inc Romani L Garaci E et al. Compositions and methods for treatment of chronic granulomatous disease. US2022241378 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/362059a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144244"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_82_1","unstructured":"Xiao B Xiao X Li J et al. Compositions and methods of using the same for treating disorders associated with thymosin beta 4. WO2023034966. 2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60327-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2011.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156652410791065408"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_87_1","unstructured":"Sciclone Pharmaceuticals Int. Ltd Romani L Garaci E. Thymosin alpha 1 for use in treatment of cystic fibrosis. EP3865149 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201100272"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar50133a001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn4057269"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.6.1.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00246F"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.014"}],"container-title":["Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13543776.2023.2298833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T22:39:12Z","timestamp":1770935952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13543776.2023.2298833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13543776.2023.2298833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13543776.2023.2298833","relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-3776","1744-7674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-3776","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-7674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ietp20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ietp20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2023-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}