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Population heterogeneity could be a major factor in response to medications. In an attempt to highlight the issue of biomarkers we reviewed physiological, neuroendocrine and neuroimaging studies to identify specific biological changes\/markers that could be used to characterize subgroups among chronic cocaine users. Merging the biology within medications studies of cocaine abusers could prove useful for targeting specific pharmacological agents to subgroups of patients, prediction of response to medication and relapse to use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/1355621031000117356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,11]],"date-time":"2003-11-11T16:23:59Z","timestamp":1068567839000},"page":"123-139","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Biological markers of cocaine addiction: implications for medications 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