{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T17:14:07Z","timestamp":1789233247843,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"healthcare business of Merck KGaA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2024.2434843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T10:40:56Z","timestamp":1734345656000},"page":"59-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Family planning and contraception in people with multiple sclerosis:                    perspectives for obstetricians, gynaecologists, and other health care                    professionals involved in reproductive planning"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8644-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele S.","family":"Merki-Feld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Z\u00fcrich","place":["Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2034-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riley","family":"Bove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco","place":["San Francisco, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa B.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Hellwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katholisches Klinikum Bochum GmbH, Ruhr-University Bochum","place":["Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7386-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hillert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6077-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Houtchens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0972-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda","family":"Magyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University","place":["\u00d6rebro, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Simoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","place":["Modena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4877-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egon","family":"Stenager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark","place":["Odense, Denmark"]},{"name":"MS-Clinic of Southern Jutland (Aabenraa, Esbjerg, Kolding)","place":["Aabenraa, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Health & Social Care Trust","place":["Portadown, UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeliha","family":"Tulek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing","place":["Istanbul, Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Marhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck GmbH, Vienna, Austria, an affiliate of Merck KGaA","place":["Darmstadt, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-6396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella E.","family":"Nappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia","place":["Pavia, Italy"]},{"name":"Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation","place":["Pavia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00477-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnoses and\n                        cell-based therapy","volume":"19","author":"Ghasemi N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghasemi N, Razavi S, Nikzad E. Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnoses and cell-based therapy. Cell J. 2017;19(1):1\u201310. [Internet] [cited 2024 Jan 23]. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5241505\/pdf\/Cell-J-19-1.pdf","journal-title":"Cell J"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(11)70009-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002564"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2018-087"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103342"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1277477"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0041-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_6_11_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Assessing disease activity and progression in patients with\n                        relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis: interviews with two key\n                        opinion leaders","volume":"9","author":"Freeman M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freeman M, Rami\u00f3-Torrent\u00e0 L. Assessing disease activity and progression in patients with relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis: interviews with two key opinion leaders. EMJ Neurol. 2021;9(2):2\u20139. [Internet] [cited 2024 Jan 23]. Available from: https:\/\/www.emjreviews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Assessing-Disease-Activity-and-Progression-in-Patients-with-Relapsing-Remitting-Multiple-Sclerosis-Interviews-with-Two-Key-Opinion-Leaders-2.pdf","journal-title":"EMJ Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2021-124"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4655"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2016-000339"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_1","unstructured":"MS Trust. Disease modifying drugs (DMDs) [Internet]. Hertfordshire (UK); 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 22]. Available from: https:\/\/mstrust.org.uk\/information-support\/ms-drugs-treatments\/disease-modifying-drugs-dmds"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_1","unstructured":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Medications. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nationalmssociety.org\/Treating-MS\/Medications"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000622"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000695"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11101006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21556660.2020.1721507"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517701314"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241228103"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_1","volume-title":"19th World Congress on Human Reproduction","author":"Merki-Feld GS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merki-Feld GS, Bove R, Haddad LB, et\u00a0al. 19th World Congress on Human Reproduction. Expert opinion on the use of contraception in people with multiple sclerosis: the gynaecologist\u2019s perspective; Mar 15\u201318, 2023, Venice, Italy."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2018-002060"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2020.0015"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_1","volume-title":"Developing a healthcare team","author":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","year":"2023","unstructured":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Developing a healthcare team. New York City (NY): National Multiple Sclerosis Society; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nationalmssociety.org\/Treating-MS\/Comprehensive-Care\/Developing-a-health-care-team"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/513160"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7303a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-1920-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2019-200377"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-020-01054-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105648"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01560-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14384"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Tafti D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tafti D, Ehsan M, Xixis KL. Multiple sclerosis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. [Internet] [cited 2024 Sep 19]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499849\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764382"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01326-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_1","volume-title":"Training improvement\n                        programme","author":"ESC","year":"2018","unstructured":"ESC. Training improvement programme. Ternat (Belgium); 2018. [Internet] [cited 2024 Oct 14]. Available from: https:\/\/escrh.eu\/education\/training-improvement-programme\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Family planning\/contraception methods [Internet] [cited 2024 Oct 14]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/family-planning-contraception"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_1","volume-title":"Cerazette 75 microgram\n                        film-coated tablet - Summary of product characteristics","author":"EMC","year":"2022","unstructured":"EMC. Cerazette 75 microgram film-coated tablet - Summary of product characteristics. Surrey (UK); 2022. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/1698\/smpc#gref"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_1","volume-title":"Noriday 350 microgram\n                        tablets","author":"EMC","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMC. Noriday 350 microgram tablets. Surrey (UK); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/1146\/smpc#about-medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_1","volume-title":"CAMILA\u00ae (Norethindrone tablets USP,\n                        0.35\u2009MG)","author":"National Institute of Health","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Institute of Health. CAMILA\u00ae (Norethindrone tablets USP, 0.35\u2009MG). Bethesda (MD); 2018. [Internet] [cited 2024 Oct 14]. Available from: https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/fda\/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=a786be85-49ba-4369-b510-7dccc10f7f18&type=display"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_1","volume-title":"Depo-Provera 150mg\/ml\n                        Injection Sterile suspension for injection - Summary of product\n                        characteristics","author":"EMC","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMC. Depo-Provera 150mg\/ml Injection Sterile suspension for injection - Summary of product characteristics. Surrey (UK); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/6721\/smpc#gref"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_1","volume-title":"DEPO-SUBQ PROVERA 104\n                        (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injectable suspension, for subcutaneous\n                        use","author":"FDA","year":"2020","unstructured":"FDA. DEPO-SUBQ PROVERA 104 (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injectable suspension, for subcutaneous use. Silver Spring (MD); 2020. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/021583s033s034lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_1","volume-title":"Intrauterine devices\n                        (IUDs) overview. Copper-IUDs, LNG20-IUS","author":"ESC","year":"2018","unstructured":"ESC. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) overview. Copper-IUDs, LNG20-IUS. Ternat (Belgium); 2018. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/escrh.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Update-IUD-overview-2020-08.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_1","volume-title":"Advanced\n                        slide kit complementing the WHO training tool","author":"ESC. Copper IUDs","year":"2018","unstructured":"ESC. Copper IUDs. Advanced slide kit complementing the WHO training tool. Ternat (Belgium); 2018. www.fptraining.org [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/escrh.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/update_iud_copper_04-18.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_1","volume-title":"Multiload CU375\n                        IUD","author":"SMB","year":"2023","unstructured":"SMB. Multiload CU375 IUD. Huddersfield (UK); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: http:\/\/www.mydoctorshop.co.uk\/Product\/Detail\/2432?category=multiload-cu375-iud"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_1","volume-title":"Mirena 20\n                        micrograms\/24\u2009hours intrauterine delivery system - Summary of\n                        Product Characteristics","author":"EMC","year":"2024","unstructured":"EMC. Mirena 20 micrograms\/24\u2009hours intrauterine delivery system - Summary of Product Characteristics. Surrey (UK); 2024. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/1132\/smpc#gref"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_1","volume-title":"MIRENA\n                        (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system)","author":"FDA","year":"2022","unstructured":"FDA. MIRENA (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system). Silver Spring (MD); 2022. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/021225s043lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_1","volume-title":"KYLEENA\n                        (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system)","author":"FDA","year":"2021","unstructured":"FDA. KYLEENA (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system). Silver Spring (MD); 2021. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2021\/208224Orig1s002lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_1","volume-title":"Kyleena 19.5\u2009mg\n                        intrauterine delivery system - Summary of product characteristics","author":"EMC","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMC. Kyleena 19.5\u2009mg intrauterine delivery system - Summary of product characteristics. Surrey, UK; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/769#"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_1","unstructured":"FDA. SKYLA (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system). Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/021225s043lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_1","unstructured":"EMC. Jaydess 13.5\u2009mg intrauterine delivery system - Summary of product characteristics. Surrey UK; 2023 [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3 Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/769#"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_61_1","volume-title":"Nexplanon 68\u2009mg\n                        implant for subdermal use - Summary of Product Characteristics","author":"EMC","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMC. Nexplanon 68\u2009mg implant for subdermal use - Summary of Product Characteristics. Surrey, UK; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/5720\/smpc#gref"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_62_1","volume-title":"NEXPLANON (etonogestrel\n                        implant)","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. NEXPLANON (etonogestrel implant). Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.organon.com\/product\/usa\/pi_circulars\/n\/nexplanon\/nexplanon_pi.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(91)90149-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(95)00210-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.1999.780810.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1783\/147118903101197854"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.14239"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11084.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-7824(02)00460-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_72_1","unstructured":"NICE. What are the advantages and disadvantages of progestogen-only contraception? Manchester (UK); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/contraception-progestogen-only-methods\/background-information\/advantages-disadvantages\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000654304.29632.a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_75_1","volume-title":"Contraceptive technology","author":"Bradley S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bradley S, Polis C, Steuber M, et\u00a0al. Effectiveness, safety and comparative side effects. In: Cason P, Cwiak C, Edelment A, editors. Contraceptive technology. 22nd ed. Burlington (MA): Jones-Bartlett Learning; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 Sep 16]. Available from: https:\/\/contraceptivetechnology.org\/the-book\/","edition":"22"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11193-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_78_1","volume-title":"Summary of product\n                        characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Avonex. Summary of product characteristics. European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/avonex"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_79_1","volume-title":"Summary of product\n                        characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Rebif. Summary of product characteristics. European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/rebif"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_80_1","unstructured":"FDA. AVONEX (interferon beta-1a) injection for intramuscular injection; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.avonex.com\/content\/dam\/commercial\/avonex\/pat\/en_us\/pdf\/Avonex_US_Prescribing_Information.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_81_1","volume-title":"REBIF (interferon\n                        beta-1a), for subcutaneous injection","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. REBIF (interferon beta-1a), for subcutaneous injection. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.emdserono.com\/us-en\/pi\/rebif-pi.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_82_1","volume-title":"Summary of product\n                        characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Betaferon. Summary of product characteristics. European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/betaferon"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_83_1","volume-title":"Summary of product\n                        characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Extavia. Summary of product characteristics. European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/extavia"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_84_1","unstructured":"FDA. BETASERON (interferon beta-1b) for injection for subcutaneous use; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/labeling.bayerhealthcare.com\/html\/products\/pi\/Betaseron_PI.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_85_1","volume-title":"Plegridy. Summary of\n                        product","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Plegridy. Summary of product. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/plegridy"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_86_1","volume-title":"PLEGRIDY (peginterferon\n                        beta-1a) injection, for subcutaneous or intramuscular use","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. PLEGRIDY (peginterferon beta-1a) injection, for subcutaneous or intramuscular use. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/125499s025lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00426-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_88_1","unstructured":"EMC. Copaxone 20\u2009mg\/ml solution for injection in pre-filled syringe - Summary of Product Characteristics; 2022 [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/183\/smpc#gref."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_89_1","unstructured":"EMC. Copaxone 40\u2009mg\/ml solution for injection in pre-filled syringe - Summary of Product Characteristics; 2022 [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/product\/7046\/smpc#gref"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_90_1","unstructured":"FDA. COPAXONE (glatiramer acetate injection) for subcutaneous use; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/020622s115lbl.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_91_1","volume-title":"KESIMPTA (ofatumumab)\n                        injection, for subcutaneous use","author":"FDA","year":"2022","unstructured":"FDA. KESIMPTA (ofatumumab) injection, for subcutaneous use. Silver Spring (MD); 2022. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.novartis.com\/us-en\/sites\/novartis_us\/files\/kesimpta.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_92_1","volume-title":"Kesimpta. Summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA","unstructured":"EMA. Kesimpta. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2025 [Internet] [cited 2025 February 24]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/kesimpta"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_93_1","volume-title":"AUBAGIO (teriflunomide)\n                        tablets, for oral use","author":"FDA","year":"2021","unstructured":"FDA. AUBAGIO (teriflunomide) tablets, for oral use. Silver Spring (MD); 2021. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2021\/202992s013s015lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_94_1","volume-title":"Summary of product\n                        characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Aubagio. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/aubagio"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_95_1","volume-title":"Summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA. Gilenya","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Gilenya. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/gilenya"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_96_1","volume-title":"GILENYA (fingolimod)\n                        capsules, for oral use","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. GILENYA (fingolimod) capsules, for oral use. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.novartis.com\/us-en\/sites\/novartis_us\/files\/gilenya.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_97_1","volume-title":"Ponvory. Summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Ponvory. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023 [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/ponvory"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_98_1","volume-title":"PONVORY\u00ae (ponesimod) tablets, for oral\n                        use","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. PONVORY\u00ae (ponesimod) tablets, for oral use. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.janssenlabels.com\/package-insert\/product-monograph\/prescribing-information\/PONVORY-pi.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_99_1","volume-title":"Summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA. Zeposia","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Zeposia. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/zeposia"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_100_1","volume-title":"ZEPOSIA\u00ae (ozanimod) capsules, for oral\n                        use","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. ZEPOSIA\u00ae (ozanimod) capsules, for oral use. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/packageinserts.bms.com\/pi\/pi_zeposia.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_101_1","volume-title":"Mayzent. Summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Mayzent. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/mayzent"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_102_1","volume-title":"MAYZENT\u00ae (siponimod) tablets, for oral\n                        use","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. MAYZENT\u00ae (siponimod) tablets, for oral use. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.novartis.com\/us-en\/sites\/novartis_us\/files\/mayzent.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_103_1","volume-title":"Tecfidera. Summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Tecfidera. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/tecfidera"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_104_1","volume-title":"TECFIDERA\u00ae (dimethyl fumarate)\n                        delayed-release capsules, for oral use","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. TECFIDERA\u00ae (dimethyl fumarate) delayed-release capsules, for oral use. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.tecfidera.com\/content\/dam\/commercial\/tecfidera\/pat\/en_us\/pdf\/full-prescribing-info.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001114"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_106_1","volume-title":"Summary of product\n                        characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2024","unstructured":"EMA. Mavenclad. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands); 2024. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/mavenclad-epar-product-information_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_107_1","volume-title":"MAVENCLAD\u00ae (cladribine) tablets, for oral\n                        use","author":"FDA","year":"2024","unstructured":"FDA. MAVENCLAD\u00ae (cladribine) tablets, for oral use. Silver Spring (MD); 2024. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2024\/022561s011lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_108_1","volume-title":"Lemtrada. Summary of\n                        Product Characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Lemtrada. Summary of Product Characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/lemtrada"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_109_1","volume-title":"LEMTRADA\u00ae(alemtuzumab) injection, for\n                        intravenous use","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. LEMTRADA\u00ae(alemtuzumab) injection, for intravenous use. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/products.sanofi.us\/lemtrada\/lemtrada.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_110_1","volume-title":"Ocrevus. Summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2025","unstructured":"EMA. Ocrevus. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2025 [Internet] [cited 2025 February 24]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/ocrevus"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_111_1","volume-title":"OCREVUS\u00ae (ocrelizumab) injection, for\n                        intravenous use","author":"FDA","year":"2023","unstructured":"FDA. OCREVUS\u00ae (ocrelizumab) injection, for intravenous use. Silver Spring (MD); 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gene.com\/download\/pdf\/ocrevus_prescribing.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_112_1","volume-title":"BRIUMVITM\n                        (ublituximab-xiiy) injection, for intravenous use","author":"FDA","year":"2022","unstructured":"FDA. BRIUMVITM (ublituximab-xiiy) injection, for intravenous use. Silver Spring (MD); 2022. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/761238s000lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_113_1","volume-title":"Briumvi. summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Briumvi. summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/briumvi"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_114_1","volume-title":"MabThera. Summary of\n                        product characteristics","author":"EMA","year":"2018","unstructured":"EMA. MabThera. Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2018. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/mabthera"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_115_1","volume-title":"RITUXAN\u00ae (rituximab) injection, for\n                        Intravenous use","author":"FDA","year":"2021","unstructured":"FDA. RITUXAN\u00ae (rituximab) injection, for Intravenous use. Silver Spring (MD); 2021. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gene.com\/download\/pdf\/rituxan_prescribing.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_116_1","unstructured":"EMA. Tysabri. Summary of Product Characteristics. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/tysabri"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_117_1","unstructured":"FDA. TYSABRI (natalizumab) injection for intravenous use; 2023. [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.tysabri.com\/content\/dam\/commercial\/tysabri\/pat\/en_us\/pdf\/tysabri_prescribing_information.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001139"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_119_1","volume-title":"Dimethyl fumarate\n                        Polpharma","author":"EMA","year":"2023","unstructured":"EMA. Dimethyl fumarate Polpharma. Amsterdam (Netherlands): European Medicines Agency; 2023. Summary of Product Characteristics [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/dimethyl-fumarate-polpharma"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-5231(03)00096-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.661882"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13932"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2024.30.5.480"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-023-02329-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09762-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286420951072"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2016-079"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0674-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-332804"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104038"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520917934"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001183"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519843055"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286418804760"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_135_1","volume-title":"Abstract DMT42. Presented at:\n                        CMSC 2022 Annual Meeting","author":"Rosas-Ballina M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosas-Ballina M, Wooller A, Jones R, et\u00a0al. 2022 Fetal exposure with ponesimod treatment across clinical development studies. Abstract DMT42. Presented at: CMSC 2022 Annual Meeting; June 1-4, 2022. National Harbor, Maryland."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_136_1","volume-title":"Poster DMT65. Presented at Consortium of\n                        Multiple Sclerosis Centers","author":"Afsari S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afsari S, Henry A, Dubinsky M, et\u00a0al. Pregnancy outcomes in the ozanimod clinical development program in relapsing multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn\u2019s disease. Poster DMT65. Presented at Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers; October 25\u201328, 2021; Orlando, FL."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_137_1","volume-title":"Presented at ACTRIMS 2023","author":"Hellwig K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hellwig K, Tilson H, Seebeck J, et\u00a0al. Pregnancy and infant outcomes from an ongoing worldwide surveillance program of cladribine tablets: 5-year pharmacovigilance results from MAPLE-MS. Presented at ACTRIMS 2023; February 23\u201325, 2023, San Diego, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102146"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01224-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225401"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-020-00948-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286420936166"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.697974"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001108"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2025.2502248","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000}}],"container-title":["The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13625187.2024.2434843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T08:36:35Z","timestamp":1750754195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13625187.2024.2434843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13625187.2024.2434843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13625187.2024.2434843","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-5187","1473-0782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-5187","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0782","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=iejc20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=iejc20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2024-07-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-14","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}