{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:43:46Z","timestamp":1770435826541,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Geographical Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/13658810512331325111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,28]],"date-time":"2005-02-28T15:15:07Z","timestamp":1109603707000},"page":"429-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Embedding landscape processes into triangulated terrain models"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Enrique R.","family":"Vivoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeriy Y.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael L.","family":"Bras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dara","family":"Entekhabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 2135\u20132145","DOI":"10.1029\/95WR03716","article-title":"Toward a generalization of the TOPMODEL concepts: topographic indices of hydrological similarity.","volume":"32","author":"Ambroise B","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ambroise , B , Beven , K and Freer , J . 1996 . Toward a generalization of the TOPMODEL concepts: topographic indices of hydrological similarity. . Water Resources Research , 32 (7) : pp. 2135\u20132145","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 1029\u20131044","DOI":"10.1029\/93WR03346","article-title":"A quasi\u2010dynamic wetness index for characterizing the spatial distribution of zones of saturation and soil water content.","volume":"30","author":"Barling RD","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barling , RD , Moore , ID and Grayson , RB . 1994 . A quasi\u2010dynamic wetness index for characterizing the spatial distribution of zones of saturation and soil water content. . Water Resources Research , 30 (4) : pp. 1029\u20131044","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667909491834"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_5_1","first-page":"pp. 627\u2013668","volume-title":"Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology\n                  Water Resources Publications","author":"Beven K","year":"1995","unstructured":"Beven K Lamb R Quinn P Romanowicz R Freer J Topmodel. 1995 In: Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology V.P. Singh (Ed.), pp. 627\u2013668 Boulder CO Water Resources Publications"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_6_1","first-page":"pp. 56\u201371","article-title":"Analysis of topographic and climatic controls on rainfall\u2010triggered shallow landsliding using a quasi\u2010dynamic wetness index.","volume":"268","author":"Borga M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Borga , M , Fontana , GD and Cazorzi , F . 2002 . Analysis of topographic and climatic controls on rainfall\u2010triggered shallow landsliding using a quasi\u2010dynamic wetness index. . Journal of Hydrology , 268 (1\u20134) : pp. 56\u201371","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_2_7_1","first-page":"pp. 89\u201399","article-title":"Physically based modeling of shallow landslide sediment yield at the catchment scale.","volume":"35","author":"Burton A","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burton , A and Bathurst , J . 1998 . Physically based modeling of shallow landslide sediment yield at the catchment scale. . Environmental Geology , 35 (2\u20133) : pp. 89\u201399","journal-title":"Environmental Geology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003710050099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_9_1","first-page":"pp. 141\u2013158","volume-title":"Scale issues in hydrological modelling\n                  John Wiley & Sons","author":"Dietrich WE","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dietrich WE Reiss R Hsu M\u2010L Montgomery DR A process\u2010based model for colluvial soil depth and shallow landsliding using digital elevation data. 1995 In: Scale issues in hydrological modelling J.D. Kalma and M. Sivaplan (Eds) pp. 141\u2013158 New York John Wiley & Sons"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_10_1","volume-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research\u2014Earth Surface","author":"Falorni G","year":"2004","unstructured":"Falorni G Teles V Vivoni ER Bras RL Amaratunga KS Analysis, characterization and effects on hydrogeomorphic modeling of the vertical accuracy of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation models. 2004 Journal of Geophysical Research\u2014Earth Surface (In Press)"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 1347","DOI":"10.1029\/2002WR001426","article-title":"A multiresolution index of valley bottom flatness for mapping depositional areas.","volume":"39","author":"Gallant JC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gallant , JC and Dowling , TI . 2003 . A multiresolution index of valley bottom flatness for mapping depositional areas. . Water Resources Research , 39 (12) : pp. 1347","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 995\u20131003","DOI":"10.1029\/91WR00224","article-title":"Kinematic routing using finite elements on a triangular irregular network.","volume":"27","author":"Goodrich DC","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goodrich , DC , Woolhiser , DA and Keefer , TO . 1991 . Kinematic routing using finite elements on a triangular irregular network. . Water Resources Research , 27 (6) : pp. 995\u20131003","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_13_1","volume-title":"Water Resources Research","author":"Ivanov VY","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ivanov VY Vivoni ER Bras RL Entekhabi D The catchment hydrologic response with a fully\u2010distributed triangulated irregular network model. 2004a Water Resources Research (In Press)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_14_1","first-page":"pp. 80\u2013111","article-title":"Preserving high\u2010resolution surface and rainfall data in operational\u2010scale basin hydrology: a fully\u2010distributed, physically\u2010based approach.","volume":"298","author":"Ivanov VY","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ivanov , VY , Vivoni , ER , Bras , RL and Entekhabi , D . 2004b . Preserving high\u2010resolution surface and rainfall data in operational\u2010scale basin hydrology: a fully\u2010distributed, physically\u2010based approach. . Journal of Hydrology , 298 (1\u20134) : pp. 80\u2013111","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3138\/TM56-74K7-QH1T-8575","article-title":"An intensive comparison of triangulated irregular networks and digital elevation models.","volume":"31","author":"Kumler MP","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kumler MP An intensive comparison of triangulated irregular networks and digital elevation models. 1994 Cartographica 31 (2) Monograph 45, 48 pgs","journal-title":"Cartographica"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 1\u201326","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.273","article-title":"A simple model of river meandering and its comparison to natural channels.","volume":"16","author":"Lancaster ST","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lancaster , ST and Bras , RL . 2002 . A simple model of river meandering and its comparison to natural channels. . Hydrological processes , 16 (1) : pp. 1\u201326","journal-title":"Hydrological processes"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_2_17_1","first-page":"pp. 267\u2013285","article-title":"Comparison of existing methods for building triangular irregular network models of terrain from grid digital elevation models.","volume":"5","author":"Lee J","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee , J . 1991 . Comparison of existing methods for building triangular irregular network models of terrain from grid digital elevation models. . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 5 (3) : pp. 267\u2013285","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(00)00410-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02693799608902101"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 1350\u20131360","DOI":"10.1029\/WR022i008p01350","article-title":"Sediment transport capacity of sheet and rill flow: Application of unit stream power theory.","volume":"22","author":"Moore ID","year":"1986","unstructured":"Moore , ID and Burch , GJ . 1986 . Sediment transport capacity of sheet and rill flow: Application of unit stream power theory. . Water Resources Research , 22 (8) : pp. 1350\u20131360","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_21_1","first-page":"pp. 3\u201330","article-title":"Digital terrain modeling: a review of hydrological, geomorphological and biological applications.","volume":"5","author":"Moore ID","year":"1991","unstructured":"Moore , ID , Grayson , RB and Landson , AR . 1991 . Digital terrain modeling: a review of hydrological, geomorphological and biological applications. . Hydrological Processes , 5 : pp. 3\u201330","journal-title":"Hydrological Processes"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(93)90133-T"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 423\u2013428","DOI":"10.1080\/00224561.1992.12456740","article-title":"Length\u2013slope factors for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation: Simplified method of estimation.","volume":"47","author":"Moore ID","year":"1992","unstructured":"Moore , ID and Wilson , JP . 1992 . Length\u2013slope factors for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation: Simplified method of estimation. . Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 47 (5) : pp. 423\u2013428","journal-title":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 1153\u20131171","DOI":"10.1029\/93WR02979","article-title":"A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding.","volume":"30","author":"Montgomery DR","year":"1994","unstructured":"Montgomery , DR and Dietrich , WE . 1994 . A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding. . Water Resources Research , 30 (4) : pp. 1153\u20131171","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1085(199805)12:6<943::AID-HYP664>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 2\u20139","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(2)","article-title":"Adaptive tessellation method for creating TINS from GIS data.","volume":"4","author":"Nelson EJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nelson , EJ , Jones , NL and Berrett , RJ . 1999 . Adaptive tessellation method for creating TINS from GIS data. . Journal of Hydrologic Engineering , 4 (1) : pp. 2\u20139","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 794\u2013804","DOI":"10.1029\/WR022i005p00794","article-title":"Prediction of surface saturation zones in natural catchments by topographic analysis.","volume":"22","author":"O'Loughlin EM","year":"1986","unstructured":"O'Loughlin , EM . 1986 . Prediction of surface saturation zones in natural catchments by topographic analysis. . Water Resources Research , 22 (5) : pp. 794\u2013804","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_28_1","first-page":"pp. 266\u2013274","article-title":"Geometric analysis of surface runoff and the computational order of unit elements in distributed hydrologic models.","volume":"211","author":"Palacios\u2010Velez OL","year":"1992","unstructured":"Palacios\u2010Velez , OL , Gandoy\u2010Bernasconi , W and Cuevas\u2010Renaud , B . 1992 . Geometric analysis of surface runoff and the computational order of unit elements in distributed hydrologic models. . Journal of Hydrology , 211 : pp. 266\u2013274","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_29_1","first-page":"pp. 516\u2013540","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Digital Terrain Modelling Symposium","author":"Peuker TK","year":"1978","unstructured":"Peuker TK Fowler RJ Little JJ Mark DM The triangulated irregular network. 1978 In: Proceedings of the Digital Terrain Modelling Symposium St. Louis, pp. 516\u2013540"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_30_1","first-page":"pp. 30\u201333","article-title":"Revised universal soil loss equation.","volume":"41","author":"Renard KG","year":"1991","unstructured":"Renard , KG , Foster , GR , Weesies , GA and Porter , JP . 1991 . Revised universal soil loss equation. . Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 41 (1) : pp. 30\u201333","journal-title":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_31_1","volume-title":"Fractal River Basins: Change and Self\u2010Organization\n                  Cambridge University Press","author":"Rodriguez\u2010Iturbe I","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rodriguez\u2010Iturbe I Rinaldo A 1997 Fractal River Basins: Change and Self\u2010Organization Cambridge Cambridge University Press"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_32_1","volume-title":"Hillslope Materials and Processes\n                  Oxford University Press","author":"Selby MJ","year":"1993","unstructured":"Selby MJ 1993 Hillslope Materials and Processes New York Oxford University Press"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 2037\u20132051","DOI":"10.1029\/WR025i009p02037","article-title":"Scaling and elevation in river networks.","volume":"25","author":"Tarboton DG","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tarboton , DG , Bras , RL and Rodriguez\u2010Iturbe , I . 1989 . Scaling and elevation in river networks. . Water Resources Research , 25 (9) : pp. 2037\u20132051","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_34_1","unstructured":"Teles V Bras RL Comparative soil erosion model protocol: CHILD model preliminary results. USACERL unpublished report. 2002 Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_35_1","volume-title":"Geophysical Research Abstracts, European Geophysical Society Annual Congress","author":"Teles V","year":"2002","unstructured":"Teles V Capolongo D Bras RL A physically\u2010based model for rainfall\u2010triggered landslides at a regional scale. 2002 Geophysical Research Abstracts, European Geophysical Society Annual Congress Nice 2002. EGS02\u2010A\u201003808"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_2_36_1","first-page":"pp. 501\u2013524","article-title":"Delaunay triangulations in TIN creation: an overview and a linear\u2010time algorithm.","volume":"7","author":"Tsai VJD","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tsai , VJD . 1993 . Delaunay triangulations in TIN creation: an overview and a linear\u2010time algorithm. . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 7 (6) : pp. 501\u2013524","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_37_1","first-page":"pp. 349\u2013388","volume-title":"Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modelling\n                  Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers","author":"Tucker GE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tucker GE Lancaster ST Gasparini NM Bras RL The Channel\u2010Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development (CHILD) model. 2001a In: Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modelling R.S. Harmon and W. Doe (Eds), Dordrecht Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers pp. 349\u2013388"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 959\u2013973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(00)00134-5","article-title":"An object\u2010oriented framework for distributed hydrologic and geomorphologic modeling using triangulated irregular networks.","volume":"27","author":"Tucker GE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tucker , GE , Lancaster , ST , Gasparini , NM , Bras , RL and Rybarczyk , SM . 2001b . An object\u2010oriented framework for distributed hydrologic and geomorphologic modeling using triangulated irregular networks. . Computers & Geosciences , 27 (8) : pp. 959\u2013973","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(00)00056-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.334"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 288\u2013303","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:4(288)","article-title":"Generation of triangular irregular networks based on hydrological similarity.","volume":"9","author":"Vivoni ER","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vivoni , ER , Ivanov , VY , Bras , RL and Entekhabi , D . 2004a . Generation of triangular irregular networks based on hydrological similarity. . Journal of Hydrologic Engineering , 9 (4) : pp. 288\u2013303","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_42_1","volume-title":"Hydrological Processes","author":"Vivoni ER","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vivoni ER Ivanov VY Bras RL Entekhabi D On the effects of triangulated terrain resolution on distributed hydrologic model response. 2004b Hydrological Processes (In Press)"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 2259\u20132268","DOI":"10.1029\/1999WR900034","article-title":"On the effect of digital model accuracy on hydrology and geomorphology.","volume":"35","author":"Walker JP","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walker , JP and Willgoose , GR . 1999 . On the effect of digital model accuracy on hydrology and geomorphology. . Water Resources Research , 35 (7) : pp. 2259\u20132268","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91WR00937"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 147\u2013155","DOI":"10.1029\/2000WR900265","article-title":"A simple model of saturation excess runoff generation based on geomorphology, steady state soil moisture.","volume":"37","author":"Willgoose G","year":"2001","unstructured":"Willgoose , G and Perera , H . 2001 . A simple model of saturation excess runoff generation based on geomorphology, steady state soil moisture. . Water Resources Research , 37 (1) : pp. 147\u2013155","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 707\u2013712","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-3004(95)00097-6","article-title":"EROS: A grid\u2010based program for estimating spatially\u2010distributed erosion indices.","volume":"22","author":"Wilson JP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wilson , JP and Gallant , JC . 1996 . EROS: A grid\u2010based program for estimating spatially\u2010distributed erosion indices. . Computers & Geosciences , 22 (7) : pp. 707\u2013712","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 1061\u20131073","DOI":"10.1029\/97WR00232","article-title":"Modeling the spatial variability of subsurface runoff using a topographic index.","volume":"33","author":"Woods RA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Woods , RA , Sivapalan , M and Robinson , JS . 1997 . Modeling the spatial variability of subsurface runoff using a topographic index. . Water Resources Research , 33 (5) : pp. 1061\u20131073","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 1180","DOI":"10.1029\/2001WR000356","article-title":"Scaling land surface for global\u2010scale soil erosion estimation.","volume":"38","author":"Zhang X","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang , X , Drake , N and Wainwright , J . 2002 . Scaling land surface for global\u2010scale soil erosion estimation. . Water Resources Research , 38 (9) : pp. 1180","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geographical Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13658810512331325111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T13:58:12Z","timestamp":1770386292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13658810512331325111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13658810512331325111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658810512331325111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-8816","1362-3087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-8816","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-3087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}