{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:45:41Z","timestamp":1780087541968,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Geographical Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2019.1694680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T05:26:26Z","timestamp":1574659586000},"page":"1235-1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Data-driven approach to characterize urban vitality: how spatiotemporal context dynamically defines Seoul\u2019s nighttime"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1774-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Long","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyeonggi Research Institute","place":["Suwon, South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810701349078"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b3704ed"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjst\/e2012-01703-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1964.tb00469.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02697459550036667"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"In the night market: tourism, sex, and commerce in contemporary Thailand","volume":"27","author":"Bishop R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bishop, R. and Robinson, L.S., 1999. In the night market: tourism, sex, and commerce in contemporary Thailand. Women\u2019s Studies Quarterly, 27 (1\/2), 32\u201346.","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Studies Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70504-8_27"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a35294"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593960210127682"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2012.09.009"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uncovering individual and collective human dynamics from mobile phone records","volume":"41","author":"Candia J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Candia, J., et al., 2007. Uncovering individual and collective human dynamics from mobile phone records. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 41 (22), 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10941660600931242"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2006.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980220099096"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2015.1104317"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302792"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100465"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2011.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10651-015-0317-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a44386"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-27935-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9302.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","unstructured":"Glaeser E.L. 2014. Better nightlife through experimentation. Boston Globe 15 Jun. https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/opinion\/2014\/06\/14\/better-nightlife-through-experimentation\/eFNw32xKTNS9fWOCKCu1jJ\/story.html [accessed 10 Nov 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2015.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a290105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jors.1983.23.issue-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gean.1985.17.issue-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1748895809343409"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098014554540"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","first-page":"193","volume-title":"The science and Praxis of complexity","author":"H\u00e4gerstrand T.","year":"1985","unstructured":"H\u00e4gerstrand, T., 1985. Time geography: focus on the corporeality of man, society and environment. In: S. Aida, ed. The science and Praxis of complexity. Tokyo: The United Nations University, 193\u2013216."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071310020015334"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2004.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10651-012-0210-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irons M.E. 2016. Panel offers ways to keep city hopping later at night. Boston Globe 27 Jan. https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/metro\/2016\/01\/27\/later-hours-urged-for-downtown-restaurants\/GDmrwXaleP3UaRPgForV9M\/story.html [accessed 10 Nov 2019].","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvc7733c.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801865930"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2017.1287369"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02447512"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2012.715479"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2009.59.7.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00330124.2017.1288577"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951714528481"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473909472"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2747\/0272-3638.23.5.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19475683.2012.727867"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2012.687349"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2014.889300"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9205-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2015.1123067"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2018.1457910"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2018.1453777"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951716682537"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17506180810891591"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2015.1131830"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2012.682578"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.1999.10524802"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2015.1022089"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gean.1987.19.issue-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_1","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Timing space and spacing time: human activity and time geography","author":"Melbin M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Melbin, M., 1978a. The colonization of time. In: T. Carlstein, D. Parkes, and N. Thrift, eds. Timing space and spacing time: human activity and time geography. London: Arnold, Vol. 2, 100\u2013113."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094758"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00330124.2015.1033669"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gean.2005.37.issue-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-014-9602-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02697459550036649"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_1","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan F. 2016. A \u2018Night Mayor\u2019 Is transforming Amsterdam After Dark. CityLab https:\/\/www.citylab.com\/solutions\/2016\/01\/night-mayor-amsterdam-mirik-milan\/433893 [accessed 10 Nov 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_1","volume-title":"The modifiable areal unit problem","author":"Openshaw S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Openshaw, S., 1983. The modifiable areal unit problem. Norwich, UK: Geo Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226640785.001.0001","volume-title":"The victorian eye: A political history of light and vision in Britain","author":"Otter C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Otter, C., 2008. The victorian eye: A political history of light and vision in Britain. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1800\u20131910."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-005-0877-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2014.913794"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2495\/D&NE-V3-N2-121-134"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b98888"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_1","unstructured":"Ramsay J.O. Wickham H. and Graves S. 2015. Package fda: functional data analysis. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/fda\/index.html [accessed 10 Nov 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b32047"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980020080681"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2007.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.1995.10524618"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10304312.2011.617875"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South","author":"Roy A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roy, A., 2014. Worlding the South: toward a postcolonial urban theory. In: S. Parnell and S. Oldfield, eds.. The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South.\u00a0New York: Routledge, 9\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_1","volume-title":"Orientalism","author":"Sa\u00efd E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sa\u00efd, E., 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_1","first-page":"1840","volume-title":"Nights in the big city: paris, Berlin, London","author":"Schl\u00f6r J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schl\u00f6r, J., 2016. Nights in the big city: paris, Berlin, London. 2nd. London: Reaktion Books, 1840\u20131930.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_82_1","unstructured":"Seoul Metropolitan S.M. and 2014. 2030 Seoul Plan (in Korean). Seoul. http:\/\/urban.seoul.go.kr\/4DUPIS\/sub3\/sub3_1.jsp [accessed 10 Nov 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10630731003597322"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_84_1","first-page":"1850","volume-title":"New York nocturne: the city after dark in literature, painting and photograph","author":"Sharpe W.C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharpe, W.C., 2008. New York nocturne: the city after dark in literature, painting and photograph. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1850\u20131950."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2013.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpg017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478787"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2016.1158328"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218339010003500"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.1999.61.issue-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713684114"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-015-0211-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_94_1","volume-title":"Exploratory data analysis","author":"Tukey J.W.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tukey, J.W., 1977. Exploratory data analysis. Pearson. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18848\/2154-8676\/CGP\/v03i04\/53715"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098013504010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098014552933"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098009103862"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21650020.2014.888318"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07293682.2011.616515"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J046v20n01_02"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/108354214X13963557455685"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.2017.21.issue-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9205-9_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2016.1239771"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2016.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000001745"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2014.978869"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810701427569"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geographical Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13658816.2019.1694680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:04:40Z","timestamp":1770941080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13658816.2019.1694680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13658816.2019.1694680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658816.2019.1694680","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-8816","1362-3087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-8816","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-3087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tgis20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tgis20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2018-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}