{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:59:00Z","timestamp":1775869140007,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government through a Next Generation Technologies Fund (NGTF) Department of Defence","award":["2020-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Geographical Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2023.2231044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T05:58:45Z","timestamp":1691387925000},"page":"2067-2100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Qualitative spatial reasoning with uncertain evidence using Markov logic networks"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7249-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Duckham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0186-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Gabela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Kealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveying and Spatial, Victorian Department of Transport and Planning, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8873-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross","family":"Kyprianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology, Australian Government, Edinburgh, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Legg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology, Australian Government, Edinburgh, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6219-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bill","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Technologies, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8927-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakila Khan","family":"Rumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist Capabilities Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1237-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora D.","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6335-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaguang","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0208-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vasardani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data and Analytics, Aurecon Group Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Maritime Big Data workshop","author":"Alevizos E.","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/182.358434"},{"key":"CIT0003","first-page":"442","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th international joint conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI)","author":"Balbiani P.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2014.41"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bennett, B., 1994. Spatial reasoning with propositional logics.In:Principles of knowledge representation and reasoning. New York: Elsevier, 51\u201362.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-1452-8.50102-0"},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-273"},{"key":"CIT0007","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on spatial data handling (SDH),","author":"Bruns H.T.","year":"1996"},{"issue":"12","key":"CIT0008","first-page":"165","volume":"1","author":"Chrisman N.R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Geographical Information Systems"},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohn, A. and Gotts, M., 1996a. The \u2018egg-yolk\u2019 representation of regions with indeterminate boundaries.In: P.A. Burrough and A. Frank, eds.Geographic objects with indeterminate boundaries, vol. 2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 171\u2013188.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003062660-16"},{"key":"CIT0010","volume-title":"Proceedings of the fifth international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (KR96)","author":"Cohn A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"2","volume":"46","author":"Cohn A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-6526(07)03013-1"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009712514511"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.4513"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domingos, P.et\u00a0al., 2008. Markov logic. In: L. De Raedt,et al., eds.Probabilistic inductive logic programming: theory and applications. Berlin: Springer, 92\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78652-8_4"},{"key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domingos, P. and Lowd, D., 2009. Markov logic: an interface layer for artificial intelligence.In:Number 1 in synthesis lectures on artificial intelligence and machine learning. Berlin: Morgan & Claypool Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01549-6_1"},{"key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duckham, M., 2008. Qualitative monitoring of dynamic spatial fields in geosensor networks.In: S. Shekhar and H. Xiong, eds.Encyclopedia of GIS. Berlin: Springer, 376\u2013379.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-35973-1_500"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45424-1_6"},{"key":"CIT0019","unstructured":"Dylla, F.et\u00a0al., 2006. SparQ: a toolbox for qualitative spatial representation and reasoning.In:Qualitative constraint calculi: application and integration, workshop at KI, 79\u201390."},{"key":"CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038927"},{"key":"CIT0021","first-page":"354","volume-title":"In: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE international conference on data engineering","author":"Emrich T.","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0022","volume-title":"Geographical information systems","author":"Fisher P.F.","year":"1999","edition":"2"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1045-926X(92)90007-9"},{"key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freksa, C., 1991. Qualitative spatial reasoning.In: D.M. Mark, A.U. Frank, eds.Cognitive and linguistic aspects of geographic space. Berlin: Springer, 361\u2013372.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-2606-9_20"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90090-K"},{"key":"CIT0026","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Theories and methods of spatio-temporal reasoning in geographic space: international conference GIS\u2014from space to territory","author":"Freksa C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.1992.271766"},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198233978.001.0001","volume-title":"Qualitative spatial change","author":"Galton A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0029","unstructured":"Gatsoulis, Y.et\u00a0al., 2016. Qsrlib: a software library for online acquisition of qualitative spatial relations from video.In:Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning (QR16) at IJCAI-16."},{"key":"CIT0030","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI spring symposium series","author":"Girlea C.L.","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47724-1_3"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-042432-3.50015-X"},{"key":"CIT0033","unstructured":"Hammersley, J.M. and Clifford, P.E., 1971.Markov random fields on finite graphs and lattices. Available from: http:\/\/www.statslab.cam.ac.uk\/grg\/books\/hammfest\/hamm-cliff.pdf. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"CIT0034","unstructured":"Isli, A. and Cohn, A.G., 1998. An algebra for cyclic ordering of 2D orientations.In: AAAI\/IAAI, 643\u2013649."},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16111-7_32"},{"key":"CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kautz, H., Selman, B., and Jiang, Y., 1997. A general stochastic approach to solving problems with hard and soft constraints.In: D. Du, J. Gu, and P.M. Pardalos, eds.Satisfiability problem: theory and applications, volume 35 ofDIMACS series in discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science. Rhode Island: AMS Books, 573\u2013585.","DOI":"10.1090\/dimacs\/035\/15"},{"key":"CIT0037","volume-title":"Vagueness: a reader","author":"Keefe R.","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2011.87"},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2013.05.006"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00372-7"},{"key":"CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ligozat, G., 2013.Qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118601457"},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.1997.635187"},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74976-9_21"},{"key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moratz, R., 2017. Qualitative spatial reasoning.In: S. Shekhar,et al., eds.Encyclopedia of GIS. Berlin: Springer, 1700\u20131707.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17885-1_1058"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2011.10.003"},{"key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.4631"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FUSION43075.2019.9011197"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FUSION45008.2020.9190523"},{"key":"CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, F.et\u00a0al., 2011. Tuffy: scaling up statistical inference in Markov logic networks using an RDBMS. arXiv preprint, abs\/1104.3216.","DOI":"10.14778\/1978665.1978669"},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petry, F.E., Robinson, V.B., and Cobb, M.A., 2005.Fuzzy modeling with spatial information for geographic problems. Berlin: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/b138243"},{"key":"CIT0051","first-page":"458","volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Poon H.","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2016.02.006"},{"key":"CIT0053","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Proceedings of the international conference principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (KR)","author":"Randell D.A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11564751_40"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.872"},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-006-5833-1"},{"key":"CIT0057","unstructured":"Richardson, S., Domingos, P., and Poon, M.S.H., 2007.The Alchemy system for statistical relational AI: user manual(washington.edu). http:\/\/alchemy.cs.washington.edu\/user-manual\/manual.html"},{"key":"CIT0058","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 45th international conference on very large data bases (VLDB) PhD workshop","author":"Sabek I.","year":"2019"},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3352063.3352078"},{"key":"CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2010.0044"},{"key":"CIT0061","unstructured":"Sarkhel, S.et\u00a0al., 2014. Lifted MAP inference for Markov logic networks.In:Artificial intelligence and statistics. PMLR, 859\u2013867."},{"key":"CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-60392-1_22"},{"key":"CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2008.10.009"},{"key":"CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45856-4_20"},{"key":"CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45424-1_29"},{"key":"CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/624"},{"key":"CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(03)00137-1"},{"key":"CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.03.004"},{"key":"CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2016.12.003"},{"key":"CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2268577"},{"key":"CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-010-0044-0"},{"key":"CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2005.06.022"},{"key":"CIT0073","first-page":"97","volume":"35","author":"Van de Weghe N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Control and Cybernetics"},{"key":"CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903770124125"},{"key":"CIT0075","first-page":"39","volume-title":"International conference on spatial cognition","author":"Wallgr\u00fcn J.O.","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wick, M., McCallum, A., and Miklau, G., 2010. Scalable probabilistic databases with factor graphs and MCMC. arXiv preprint, arXiv:1005.1934.","DOI":"10.14778\/1920841.1920942"},{"key":"CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolter, D. and Wallgr\u00fcn, J.O., 2013. Qualitative spatial reasoning for applications: new challenges and the SparQ toolbox.In:Geographic information systems: concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications. IGI Global, 1639\u20131664.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch099"},{"key":"CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810110061162"},{"key":"CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvlc.2000.0187"},{"key":"CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2022.2092115"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Geographical Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13658816.2023.2231044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T15:26:59Z","timestamp":1702913219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13658816.2023.2231044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13658816.2023.2231044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658816.2023.2231044","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-8816","1362-3087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-8816","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-3087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tgis20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tgis20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2023-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-25","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}