{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:38:21Z","timestamp":1788406701696,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]],"date-time":"2010-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3097,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are few studies that report findings on the speech and language characteristics of Apert syndrome and little is known about the cognitive profile of the syndrome. The current study addresses this gap and explores speech, language, resonance\/voice, attention oro\u2010motor and cognitive skills in a group of 10 children (4;1\u20105;11) with Apert syndrome. The speech and language battery included: the CELF\u2010Pre\u2010school, the PLS\u20103, the Vocal Profile Analysis, GOS.SP.ASS, PACS; and the Brodsky Drooling Scale. Subscales of the BAS II\u2010Early Years Version were used to assess cognition. Data were also collected on other factors that could influence developmental outcome such as audiological history and management; occlusion\/dentition; respiratory problems and management; neuroanatomical abnormalities; the number and nature of cranial surgeries; and the occurrence of raised intracranial pressure. All children for whom a Performance IQ was obtained (n = 8) had abilities within the average range and IQ scores were considerably higher than those reported in previous studies. Eight children had moderate or severe language difficulties and expressive language difficulties were the most frequent. These language difficulties were not associated with a general cognitive deficit. All the children had problems with attention, speech and oro\u2010motor skills. Nine had abnormal voice. In addition, a range of other associated factors that could affect functioning were identified. The discrepancies between the current study and previous investigations are outlined. Parameters for assessment are considered. The implications of these findings for valid assessments of children with Apert syndrome are discussed. Multidisciplinary assessment of children with Apert syndrome across a broad range of dimensions is recommended to obtain a profile of each child's strengths and weaknesses to ensure that appropriate educational placements and early interventions are implemented. Considering patterns of development over time at key ages is also argued to be of central importance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820210138816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,6]],"date-time":"2002-09-06T21:31:45Z","timestamp":1031347905000},"page":"325-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Speech and language skills and cognitive functioning in children with Apert syndrome: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Shipster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hearst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Dockrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kilby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Lacrocephalosyndactylie","volume":"23","author":"APERT E.","year":"1906","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Society of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1959.tb01728.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Feeding die Disabled Child","author":"BLASCO P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology","author":"BLOOMER H.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Pediatric Swallowing and Feeding","author":"BRODSKY L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Cranbsynostosis: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management","author":"COHEN M. M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Selected clinical research involving the central nervous system","volume":"10","author":"COHEN M. M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Development Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320350108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80544-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"989","article-title":"An updated paediatric perspective on the Apert syndrome","volume":"147","author":"COHEN M. M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Childhood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Understanding Voice Problems","author":"COLTON R. H.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Helping Language Development","author":"COOPER J.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988910100114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Verbal communication skills of children with craniofacial anomalies","volume":"18","author":"ELFENBEIN J. L.","year":"1981","journal-title":"CIeft Palate Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"The British Ability Sales II","author":"ELLIOT C. D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1982.00790540019006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Exploring Developmental Psychology","author":"GROVE N.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"PACS","author":"GRUNWELL P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Practical Aspects of Audiology","author":"HAGGARD M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1997)034<0380:OSIPIA>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198601000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"A perceptual protocol for the analysis of vocal profiles","volume":"14","author":"LAYER J.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Work Progress University of Edinburgh"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(86)90122-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947508400205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30824-5","article-title":"Otolaryngological aspects of Apert Syndrome","volume":"18","author":"McGILL T.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinics in Plaste Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199009000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Psychological Aspects of Facial Form. Monograph 11","author":"MUNRO I. R.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.25.3.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Palatal anomalies in the syndromes of Apert and Crouzon","volume":"11","author":"PETERSON S.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Orofacial Anomalies: Clinical and Research Implications","author":"PETERSON S. J.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"PETERSON\u2010FALZONE S. J.andVALLINO L. D. 1993 A longitudinal perspective on communication development in 113 patients with 4 syndromes of craniofacial synostosis. InProceedings of the 7th International Congress on Cleft Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies Queensland."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609500402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.1.0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effects of facial disfigurement on teachers' perceptions of ability in cleft palate children","volume":"15","author":"RICHMAN L.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(96)90156-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"The effects of facial disfigurement on social interaction","volume":"5","author":"RUMSEY N.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Human Learning"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Orofacial Anomalies Clinical & Research Implications","author":"SELDER A.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/136828299247595"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals\u2010Preschool","author":"SEMEL E.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Genetics, Syndromes and Communication Disorders","author":"SHPRINTZEN R. S.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Mutation & morphogenesis: new insights from Apert syndrome","volume":"5","author":"SLANEY S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Welkome Trust Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6341.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Judgements of facial deformity","volume":"24","author":"TOBIASEN J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft PaIate Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(90)90481-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Articulation before and after facial osteotomy","volume":"83","author":"WITZEL M. A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Pre\u2010school Language Scale\u20103","author":"ZIMMERMAN I. L.","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Language &amp; Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1080%2F13682820210138816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13682820210138816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T12:05:57Z","timestamp":1700395557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/13682820210138816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13682820210138816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13682820210138816","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-2822","1460-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-12-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}