{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:44:56Z","timestamp":1780465496024,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH grant","award":["61"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Clinical Neuropsychologist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2024.2388904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T04:23:52Z","timestamp":1724473432000},"page":"952-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The role of cognitive reserve and depression on executive function in older adults: A 10-year study from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Loredana","family":"Frau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Liverpool, John Moores University, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Jonaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer\u2019s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Langhough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer\u2019s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Zuelsdorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer\u2019s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"School of Nursing (MZ), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozioma","family":"Okonkwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer\u2019s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Liverpool, John Moores University, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.104646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_193_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176211046525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617713000593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2016.1186224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"Bobbitt Z. (2020). How to calculate Mahalanobis distance in SPSS. https:\/\/www.statology.org\/mahalanobis-distance-spss\/;"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acv041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2014.882212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610204000092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610213001701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acw024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711001524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(99)00151-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1977.10489493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804281-6.00011-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0839-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.752623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620904771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acy035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09436-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80866-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","volume-title":"Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics.","author":"Field A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.6.568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9176-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (methodology in the social sciences).","author":"Hayes A. F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (methodology in the social sciences). (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.1040675"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.15.1701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02288864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2017.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/11.6.513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700005742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2019.1661247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200586"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771600093X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.688478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2021.1927030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000034176.07159.f8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.590607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2024.101642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100620920576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121573"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.02812.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0460.1000390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617702813157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-212154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression analysis.","author":"Menard S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Menard, S. (2001). Applied logistic regression analysis. (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","volume-title":"Education, social status, and health","author":"Mirowsky J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2003). Education, social status, and health. Aldine de Gruyter."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01326.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1076735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.666181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.847186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2013.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01758-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171700126X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.962005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959259815000155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0090-5550.49.3.250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4192"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_1","volume-title":"SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS program.","author":"Pallant J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS program. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181cb3e25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02776-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000529255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170701341316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01466216770010030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/PMS.8.7.271-276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09084282.2011.595458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638008403788"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acu059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617702813248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70191-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acz013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511795745320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Memory Scale\u2013Revised","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale\u2013Revised. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. for the Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. (3rd ed.), The Psychological Corporation.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_1","volume-title":"The wide range achievement test administration manual.","author":"Wilkinson G. S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilkinson, G. S. (1993). The wide range achievement test administration manual. (3rd. ed.). Wide Range. Western Psychological Services.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.145"}],"container-title":["The Clinical Neuropsychologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13854046.2024.2388904","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T11:20:43Z","timestamp":1749813643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13854046.2024.2388904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13854046.2024.2388904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2024.2388904","relation":{},"ISSN":["1385-4046","1744-4144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1385-4046","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-4144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ntcn20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ntcn20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2024-01-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}