{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T06:58:17Z","timestamp":1771916297129,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2-3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spatial Cognition & Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/13875861003759289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,4]],"date-time":"2010-06-04T09:07:00Z","timestamp":1275642420000},"page":"135-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Spaces or Scenes: Map-based Orientation in Urban Environments"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Clare","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research C530, Ordnance Survey","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Huddersfield","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Perspectives: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd annual meeting","author":"Aretz A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Aretz , A. 1989 . \u201c Spatial cognition and navigation. \u201d . In Perspectives: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd annual meeting 8 \u2013 12 . Santa Monica CA, , USA : Human Factors Society. ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.1990.9914653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (Second ed.)","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (Second ed.) Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"4th International Space Syntax Symposium, London, UK, 17\u201319 June 2003","author":"Conroy Dalton R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conroy Dalton , R. and Bafna , S. 2003 . \u201c The syntactical image of the city: A reciprocal definition of spatial elements and spatial syntaxes. Paper No. 59. \u201d . In 4th International Space Syntax Symposium, London, UK, 17\u201319 June 2003 London : University College London ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Space Syntax and Spatial Cognition","author":"Dara-Abrams D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dara-Abrams , D. 2007 . \u201c Architecture of mind and world: how urban form influences spatial cognition. \u201d . In Space Syntax and Spatial Cognition Edited by: H\u00f6lscher , C. , Conroy Dalton , R. and Turner , A. 93 \u2013 111 . Bremen, , Germany : Universit\u00e4t Bremen (SFB\/TR 8) ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"English Maps: A history","author":"Delano-Smith C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Delano-Smith , C. and Kain , R. J. P. 1999 . English Maps: A history London : The British Library ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02508.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138808966680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b33050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/caj.1979.16.2.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15427633scc0403_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326969eco0501_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Perspectives: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting","author":"Harwood K.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Harwood , K. 1989 . \u201c Cognitive perspectives on map displays for helicopter flight. \u201d . In Perspectives: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 13 \u2013 17 . Santa Monica CA : Human Factors Society. ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2896(02)00116-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/370057a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35058500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Conference on Spatial Information Theory\u2014COSIT 2005","author":"Klippel A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klippel , A. and Winter , S. 2005 . \u201c Structural Salience of Landmarks for Route Directions. \u201d . In Conference on Spatial Information Theory\u2014COSIT 2005 Edited by: Cohn , A. G. and Mark , D. M. Vol. 3693 , 347 \u2013 362 . Berlin : Springer . Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","series-title":"International Conference Spatial Cognition 2006 381\u2013400). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence","volume-title":"Spatial Cognition V: Reasoning, Action, Interaction","author":"Meilinger T.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meilinger , T. , H\u00f6lscher , C. , B\u00fcchner , S. J. and Br\u00f6samle , M. 2007a . \u201c How much information do you need?. Schematic maps in wayfinding and self localization \u201d . In Spatial Cognition V: Reasoning, Action, Interaction , International Conference Spatial Cognition 2006 381\u2013400). Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Edited by: Barkowsky , T. , Knauff , M. , Ligozat , G. and Montello , D. R. Vol. 4387 , Berlin : Springer ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Proceedings of Space Syntax and Spatial Cognition Workshop (Spatial Cognition \u203206)","author":"Meilinger T.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meilinger , T. , Franz , G. and B\u00fclthoff , H. H. 2007b . \u201c From isovists via mental representations to behaviour: first steps toward closing the causal chain. \u201d . In Proceedings of Space Syntax and Spatial Cognition Workshop (Spatial Cognition \u203206) Edited by: H\u00f6lscher , C. , Conroy Dalton , R. and Turner , A. 65 \u2013 80 . Bremen, , Germany : Universit\u00e4t Bremen (SFB\/TR 8) . 1\u201316.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-57207-4_21","volume-title":"Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS","author":"Montello D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Montello , D. 1993 . \u201c Scale and multiple psychologies of space. \u201d . In Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS Edited by: Frank , A. U. and Campari , I. Vol. 716 , 312 \u2013 321 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag . Proceedings of COSIT \u203293,. Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","volume-title":"The contribution of space syntax to a comprehensive theory of environmental psychology","author":"Montello D. R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Montello , D. R. 2007 . The contribution of space syntax to a comprehensive theory of environmental psychology Unpublished invited paper presented at: 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, Istanbul, 2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","first-page":"390","volume-title":"Spatial Information Theory, Proceedings of COSIT 2007","author":"Peebles D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peebles , D. , Davies , C. and Mora , R. 2007 . \u201c Effects of geometry, landmarks and orientation strategies in the \u2018drop-off\u2019 orientation task. \u201d . In Spatial Information Theory, Proceedings of COSIT 2007 Edited by: Winter , S. , Duckham , M. , Kulik , L. and Kuipers , B. Vol. 4736 , 390 \u2013 405 . Berlin : Springer . Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Local applications of the ecological approach to human-machine systems, Volume 2","author":"Pick H. L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pick , H. L. , Heinrichs , M. R. , Montello , D. R. , Smith , K. , Sullivan , C. N. and Thompson , W. B. 1995 . \u201c Topographic map reading. \u201d . In Local applications of the ecological approach to human-machine systems, Volume 2 Edited by: Hancock , P. A. , Flach , J. M. , Caird , J. and Vicente , K. J. 255 \u2013 284 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1982.tb01308.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.2.2.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326969eco0202_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.1.2.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p5587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","first-page":"349","volume-title":"International Conference, COSIT 2003, Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of geographic information science","author":"Winter S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Winter , S. 2003 . \u201c Route adaptive selection of salient features. \u201d . In International Conference, COSIT 2003, Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of geographic information science Edited by: Kuhn , W. , Worboys , M. , Timpf , S. , Hartmanis , J. and van Leeuwen , J. Vol. 2825 , 349 \u2013 361 . Berlin : Springer . Lecture Notes in Computer Science"}],"container-title":["Spatial Cognition & Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13875861003759289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T16:56:07Z","timestamp":1769705767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13875861003759289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13875861003759289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13875861003759289","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-5868","1542-7633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-5868","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-7633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}}}