{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:49:23Z","timestamp":1792709363650,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nicotine & Tobacco Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/14622200412331328501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,21]],"date-time":"2006-02-21T16:53:13Z","timestamp":1140540793000},"page":"47-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["A self\u2010administered questionnaire to measure cigarette withdrawal symptoms: The Cigarette Withdrawal Scale"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Etter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"E00001","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 1994; (4th ed.)"},{"key":"E00002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efron, B, Tibshirani, R. Statistical data analysis in the computer age. Science, 1991; 253: 390\u2013395","DOI":"10.1126\/science.253.5018.390"},{"key":"E00003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etter, J. F, Perneger, T. V. Effectiveness of a computer\u2010tailored smoking cessation program: A randomised trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2001a; 161: 2596\u20132601","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.21.2596"},{"key":"E00004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etter, J. F, Perneger, T. V. A comparison of cigarette smokers recruited through the Internet or by mail. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2001b; 30: 521\u2013525","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.3.521"},{"key":"E00005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etter, J. F, Perneger, T. V, Ronchi, A. Distributions of smokers by stage: International comparison and association with smoking prevalence. Preventive Medicine, 1997; 26: 580\u2013585","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1997.0179"},{"key":"E00006","unstructured":"Fiore, M. C, Bailey, W. C, Cohen, S. J, Dorfman, S. F, Gritz, E. R, Heyman, R. B, Holbrook, J, Jaen, C. R, Kottke, T. E, Lando, H. A, Mecklenbur, R, Mullen, P. D, Nett, L. M, Robinson, L, Stitzer, M, Tommasello, A. C, Villejo, L, Wewers, M. E. Treating tobacco use and dependence. Clinical practice guideline, 2000"},{"key":"E00007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilbert, D. G, McClernon, J, Rabinovich, N. E, Plath, L. C, Jensen, R. A, Melisk, C. J. Effects of smoking abstinence on mood and craving in men: Influences of negative\u2010affect\u2010related personality traits, habitual nicotine intake and repeated measurements. Personality and Individual Differences, 1998; 25: 399\u2013423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(98)00003-8"},{"key":"E00008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilbert, D. G, McClernon, F. J, Rabinovich, N. E, Plath, L. C, Masson, C. L, Anderson, A. E, Sly, K. F. Mood disturbance fails to resolve across 31 days of cigarette abstinence in women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2002; 70: 142\u201352","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.1.142"},{"key":"E00009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajek, P, Gillison, F, McRobbie, H. Stopping smoking can cause constipation. Addiction, 2003; 98: 1563\u20131567","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00497.x"},{"key":"E00010","unstructured":"Harap's shorter dictionary English\u2013French\/French\u2013English. 1996"},{"key":"E00011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henningfield, J. E, Keenan, R. M. Nicotine delivery kinetics and abuse liability. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1993; 61: 743\u2013750","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.5.743"},{"key":"E00012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horn, J. L. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1965; 30: 179\u2013185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289447"},{"key":"E00013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes, J. R. Tobacco withdrawal in self\u2010quitters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1992; 60: 689\u2013697","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.5.689"},{"key":"E00014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes, J. R. Dependence on and the abuse of nicotine replacement medication: An update (pp. 147\u2013157). Nicotine, safety and toxicity, 1998; In N. I. Benowitz (Ed.),","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195114966.003.0014"},{"key":"E00015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes, J. R, Hatsukami, D. K. Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1986; 43: 289\u2013294","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013"},{"key":"E00016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarvik, M. E, Madsen, D. C, Olmstead, R. E, Iwamoto\u2010Schaap, P. N, Elins, J. L, Benowitz, N. L. Nicotine blood levels and subjective craving for cigarettes. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 2000; 66: 553\u2013558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(00)00261-6"},{"key":"E00017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, E. O, Breslau, N, Anthony, J. C. The latent dimensionality of DIS\/DSM\u2010III\u2010R nicotine dependence: Exploratory analyses. Addiction, 1996; 91: 583\u2013588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1996.tb02315.x"},{"key":"E00018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, J. E, Epstein, L. H, Cinciripini, P. M. Effects of feedback and stimulus control on pulse transit time discrimination. Psychophysiology, 1980; 17: 431\u2013436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00179.x"},{"key":"E00019","unstructured":"Nunnally, J. C, Bernstein, I. H. Psychometric theory, 1994; (3rd ed.)"},{"key":"E00020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Connor, B. P. SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 2000; 32: 396\u2013402","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200807"},{"key":"E00021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patten, C. A, Martin, J. E. Measuring tobacco withdrawal: A review of self\u2010report questionnaires. Journal of Substance Abuse, 1996; 8: 93\u2013113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(96)90115-7"},{"key":"E00022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perkins, K. A. Weight gain following smoking cessation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1993; 61: 768\u2013777","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.5.768"},{"key":"E00023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piasecki, T. M, Fiore, M. C, McCarthy, D. E, Baker, T. B. Have we lost our way? The need for dynamic formulations of smoking relapse proneness. Addiction, 2002; 97: 1093\u20131108","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00216.x"},{"key":"E00024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piasecki, T. M, Niaura, R, Shadel, W. G, Abrams, D, Goldstein, M, Fiore, M. C, Baker, T. B. Smoking withdrawal dynamics in unaided quitters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2000; 109: 74\u201386","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.1.74"},{"key":"E00025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayette, M. A, Shiffman, S, Tiffany, S. T, Niaura, R. S, Martin, C. S, Shadel, W. G. The measurement of drug craving. Addiction, 2000; 95: S189\u2013S210","DOI":"10.1080\/09652140050111762"},{"key":"E00026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider, N. G, Jarvik, M. E. Time course of smoking withdrawal symptoms as a function of nicotine replacement. Psychopharmacology, 1984; 82: 143\u2013153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00426399"},{"key":"E00027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiffman, S. M, Jarvik, M. E. Smoking withdrawal symptoms in two weeks of abstinence. Psychopharmacology, 1976; 50: 35\u201339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00634151"},{"key":"E00028","unstructured":"Streiner, D. L, Norman, G. R. Health measurement scales. A practical guide to their development and use, 1995; (2nd ed.)"},{"key":"E00029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ussher, M, West, R, Steptoe, A, McEwen, A. Increase in common cold symptoms and mouth ulcers following smoking cessation. Tobacco Control, 2003; 12: 86\u201388","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.12.1.86"},{"key":"E00030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ustun, B, Compton, W, Mager, D, Babor, T, Baiyewu, O, Chatterji, S, Cottler, L, Gogus, A, Mavreas, V, Peters, L, Pull, C, Saunders, J, Smeets, R, Stipec, M. R, Vrasti, R, Hasin, D, Room, R, Van den Brink, W, Regier, D, Blaine, J, Grant, B. F, Sartorius, N. WHO study on the reliability and validity of the alcohol and drug use disorder instruments: Overview of methods and results. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1997; 47: 161\u2013169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00087-2"},{"key":"E00031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Den Eijnden, R, Spijkerman, R, Fekkes, D. Craving for cigarettes among low and high dependent smokers: Impact of norharman. Addiction Biology, 2003; 8: 463\u2013472","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210310001646457"},{"key":"E00032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velicer, W. F. Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika, 1976; 41: 321\u2013337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293557"},{"key":"E00033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward, M. M, Swan, G. E, Jack, L. M. Self\u2010reported abstinence effects in the first month after smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 2001; 26: 311\u2013327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(00)00107-6"},{"key":"E00034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welsch, S. K, Smith, S. S, Wetter, D. W, Jorenby, D. E, Fiore, M. C, Baker, T. B. Development and validation of the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1999; 7: 354\u2013361","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.7.4.354"},{"key":"E00035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West, R, Hajek, P. Evaluation of the mood and physical symptoms scale (MPSS) to assess cigarette withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 2004; Retrieved September 27, 2004, from www.springerlink.com","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1923-6"},{"key":"E00036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West, R. J, Hajek, P, Belcher, M. Severity of withdrawal symptoms as a predictor of outcome of an attempt to quit smoking. Psychological Medicine, 1989; 19: 981\u2013985","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005705"},{"key":"E00037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West, R. J, Russell, M. A. Pre\u2010abstinence smoke intake and smoking motivation as predictors of severity of cigarette withdrawal symptoms. Psychopharmacology, 1985; 87: 334\u2013336","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432717"},{"key":"E00038","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th rev.). 1992"},{"key":"E00039","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidelines for controlling and monitoring the tobacco epidemic, 1996"}],"container-title":["Nicotine & Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/7\/1\/47\/3434753\/7-1-47.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T01:37:50Z","timestamp":1706924270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1080\/14622200412331328501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["T255562216876848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14622200412331328501","relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2203","1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2203","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]}}}