{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T22:55:48Z","timestamp":1762296948341},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nicotine & Tobacco Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/14622200500124875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,7]],"date-time":"2005-09-07T15:14:21Z","timestamp":1126106061000},"page":"343-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The nicotine market: An attempt to estimate the nicotine intake from various sources and the total nicotine consumption in some countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Karl","family":"Fagerstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"E00001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersson, G, Axell, T, Curvall, M. Reduction in nicotine intake and oral mucosal changes among Swedish oral moist snuff after switching to a low\u2010nicotine product. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 1995; 24: 244\u2013250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01176.x"},{"key":"E00002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersson, G, Bj\u00f6rnberg, G, Curvall, M. Oral mucosal changes and nicotine disposition in users of Swedish smokeless tobacco products: A comparative study. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 1994; 23: 161\u2013167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1994.tb01106.x"},{"key":"E00003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersson, G, Kazemi Vala, E, Curvall, M. The influence of cigarette consumption and smoking machine yields of tar and nicotine on the uptake and oral mucosal lesions in smokers. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 1997; 26: 117\u2013123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00033.x"},{"key":"E00004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asplund, K. Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular disease. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 2003; 45: 383\u2013394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(03)80002-6"},{"key":"E00005","unstructured":"Benowitz, N. L. Clinical pharmacology of nicotine patches. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 1995; 41: 168\u2013174"},{"key":"E00006","unstructured":"Benowitz, N. L. Snuff, nicotine and cardiovascular disease: Implications for tobacco control. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1999; 34: 1791\u20131793"},{"key":"E00007","unstructured":"Benowitz, N. L, Jacob, P, Fong, I, Gupta, S. Nicotine metabolic profile in man: Comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1994; 268: 296\u2013303"},{"key":"E00008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benowitz, N. L, Porchet, H, Sheiner, L, Jacob, P., III. Nicotine absorption and cardiovascular effects with smokeless tobacco use: Comparison with cigarettes and nicotine gum. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1988; 44: 23\u201328","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1988.107"},{"key":"E00009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benowitz, N. L, Zevin, S, Jacob, P., III. Sources of variability in nicotine and cotinine levels with use of nicotine nasal spray, transdermal nicotine, and cigarette smoking. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1997; 43: 259\u2013267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1997.00566.x"},{"key":"E00010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m, M, Nordberg, A, Lunell, E. Regional disposition of inhaled 11C\u2010nicotine vapor in the human airway visualized by positron emission tomography. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1995; 57: 309\u2013317","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90156-6"},{"key":"E00011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castagnoli, K. P, Steyn, S. J, Petzer, J. P, Van der Schyf, C. J, Castagnoli, N. Neuroprotection in the MPTP Parkinsonian C57BL\/6 mouse model by a compound isolated from tobacco. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2001; 14: 523\u2013527","DOI":"10.1021\/tx000224v"},{"key":"E00012","unstructured":"Crane, J, Blakely, T, Hill, S. Time for major road\u2010works on the tobacco road? The New Zealand Medical Journal, 2004; 1190: U801"},{"key":"E00013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagerstr\u00f6m, K. O, Boyle, P, Kunze, M, Zatonski, W. The anti\u2010smoking climate in EU countries and Poland. Lung Cancer, 2001; 32: 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5002(00)00203-8"},{"key":"E00014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fant, R. V, Henningfield, J. E, Nelson, R. A. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of moist snuff in humans. Tobacco Control, 1999; 8: 387\u2013392","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.8.4.387"},{"key":"E00015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foulds, J, Ramstr\u00f6m, L, burke, M, Fagerstr\u00f6m, K. Effect of smokeless tobacco (snus) on smoking and public health in Sweden. Tobacco Control, 2003; 12: 349\u2013359","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.12.4.349"},{"key":"E00016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fowler, J. S, Logan, J, Wang, G. J, Volkow, N. D. Monoamine oxidase and cigarette smoking. Neurotoxicology, 2003; 24: 75\u201382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(02)00109-2"},{"key":"E00017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray, N, Boyle, P. The future of the nicotine addiction market. The Lancet, 2003; 362: 845\u2013846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14348-6"},{"key":"E00018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holm, H, Jarvis, M. J, Russell, M. A. H. Nicotine intake and dependence in Swedish snuff takers. Psychopharmacology, 1992; 108: 507\u2013511","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02247429"},{"key":"E00019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houtsmuller, E. J, Henningfield, J. E, Stitzer, M. Subjective effects of the nicotine lozenge: Assessment of abuse liability. Psychopharmacology, 2003; 167: 20\u201327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1361-2"},{"key":"E00020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarvis, M. J, Boreham, R, Primatesta, P, Feyerabend, C, Bryant, A. Nicotine yield from machine\u2010smoked cigarettes and nicotine intake in smokers: Evidence from a representative population survey. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2001; 93: 134\u2013138","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.2.134"},{"key":"E00021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozlowski, L. T, Metha, N. Y, Sweeney, C. T, Schwartz, S. S, Vogler, G. P, Jarvis, M. J, West, R. J. Filter ventilation and nicotine content of cigarettes from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Tobacco Control, 1998; 7: 369\u2013375","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.7.4.369"},{"key":"E00022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozlowski, L. T, Strasser, A. A, Giovino, G, Erickson, P. A, Terza, J. V. Applying the risk\/use equilibrium: Use medicinal nicotine now for harm reduction. Tobacco Control, 2001; 10: 201\u2013203","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.10.3.201"},{"key":"E00023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunin, D, Latendresse, M. W, Gaskin, S, Smith, B. R, Amit, Z. Pre\u2010exposure effects of nicotine and acetaldehyde on conditioned taste aversion induced by both drugs. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 2000; 66: 695\u2013699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(00)00284-7"},{"key":"E00024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lunell, E, Lunell, M. Steady\u2010state nicotine plasma levels following use of four different types of Swedish snus compared with 2\u2010mg Nicorette chewing gum: a crossover study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2005; 7: 397\u2013403","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200500125468"},{"key":"E00025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molander, L, Lunell, E, Andersson, B, Kuylenstierna, F. Dose related and absolute bioavailability of nicotine from a nicotine vapor inhaler. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1996; 59: 394\u2013400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90107-1"},{"key":"E00026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nemeth\u2010Coslett, R, Henningfield, J. E, O'Keeffe, M. K, Griffiths, R. R. Nicotine gum: Dose related effects on cigarette smoking and subjective ratings. Psychopharmacology, 1987; 92: 424\u2013430","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176472"},{"key":"E00027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peto, R, Lopez, A. D, Boreham, J, Tuhn, M. Mortality from smoking worldwide. British Medical Bulletin, 1996; 52: 12\u201321","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011519"},{"key":"E00028","unstructured":"Ramstr\u00f6m, L. Patterns of use: A gate leading to smoking, or a way o give up?, 2002, October; Paper presented at the fourth annual meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco\u2013Europe, Santander, Spain"},{"key":"E00029","unstructured":"Shafey, O, Dolwick, S, Guindon, G. E. 2003; Tobacco control country profiles (2nd ed.)"},{"key":"E00030","unstructured":"Statistics Austria. Austrian tobacco statistics, Table 23.12. 2003; Retrieved November 30, 2004, from www.statistik.at\/cgi\u2010bin\/jahrbuch.pl?kapitel\u200a=\u200a23&sprache\u200a=\u200ad"},{"key":"E00031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svenson, C. K. Clinical pharmacokinetics of nicotine. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 1987; 12: 30\u201340","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198712010-00003"},{"key":"E00032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomar, S. L, Connolly, G, Wilkenfeld, J, Henningfield, J. Declining smoking in Sweden: Is Swedish Match getting the credit for Swedish tobacco control's efforts? Tobacco Control, 2003; 12: 368\u2013371","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.12.4.368"},{"key":"E00033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ueda, K, Kawachi, I, Nakamura, M, Nogami, H, Shirokawa, N, Masui, S, Okayama, A, Oshima, A. Cigarette nicotine yields and nicotine intake among Japanese male workers. Tobacco Control, 2002; 11: 55\u201360","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.11.1.55"},{"key":"E00034","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. U.S. tobacco statistics. 2002; Retrieved November 30, 2004, from http:\/\/mannlib.cornell.edu\/reports\/erssor\/speciality\/tbs\u2010bb\/2003\/tbs2003.pdf"},{"key":"E00035","unstructured":"VECA HB. Nordic tobacco statistics. 2003; Retrieved from www.statveca.com"},{"key":"E00036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warner, K. E, Slade, J, Sweanor, D. The emerging market for long term nicotine maintenance. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1997; 278: 1087\u20131092","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550130061038"},{"key":"E00037","unstructured":"The World Bank. Curbing the epidemic, 1999"}],"container-title":["Nicotine & Tobacco Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-pdf\/7\/3\/343\/6224972\/7-3-343.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T03:02:41Z","timestamp":1553050961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1080\/14622200500124875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["T717346272853223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14622200500124875","relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2203","1469-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2203","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]}}}